Structural and biosynthetic studies on eremophilenols related to the phytoalexin capsidiol, produced by Botrytis cinerea

A thorough study of the fermentation broth of three strains of Botrytis cinerea which were grown on a modified Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with 5 ppm copper sulphate, yielded five undescribed metabolites. These metabolites possessed a sesquiterpenoid (+)-4-epi-eremophil-9-ene carbon skeleton which was enantiomeric to that of the phytoalexin, capsidiol. The isolation of these metabolites when the fungus was stressed, suggests that they may be potential effectors used by B. cinerea to circumvent plant chemical defences against phytopatho genic fungi. The biosynthesis of these compounds has been studied using 2 H and 13C labelled acetat

Biblioteca con arte

A través de este proyecto, se intenta que los niños entren en contacto con la literatura infantil y con el arte. Los objetivos son fomentar el gusto por la lectura; acercar el mundo del arte a través de la figura de Joan Miró; desarrollar el hábito de valorar y cuidar los libros; apoyar la colaboración de las familias; sensibilizar a los padres acerca de la importancia de los cuentos para sus hijos; utilizar el servicio de préstamo de la biblioteca de la escuela; estimular la sensibilidad artística, el gusto por el arte y la imaginación creativa; y desarrollar habilidades para narrar un cuento. Entre las actividades destacan la narración de cuentos llevada a cabo por una educadora de la escuela y por una cuentacuentos profesional; la presentación de cuadros de Miró mediante la narración de una historia ideada a partir de la temática de los mismos; la escenificación de un cuento realizada por un grupo de padres; la observación de láminas con reproducciones de cuadros de Miró; la realización de puzzles; la creación de pinturas; y la visualización de un vídeo sobre Van Gogh. Se elaboran varios materiales: paneles con fotografías y textos relativos a la experiencia; libros con láminas de obras de Miró; y un vídeo con la grabación de algunas actividades.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de Educación. Dirección General de Ordenación AcadémicaMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES

The frailty syndrome is associated with adverse health outcomes in very old patients with stable heart failure: a prospective study in six Spanish hospitals

BACKGROUND: Most studies on the association between the frailty syndrome and adverse health outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) have used non-standard definitions of frailty. This study examined the association of frailty, diagnosed by well-accepted criteria, with mortality, readmission and functional decline in very old ambulatory patients with HF. METHODS: Prospective study with 497 patients in six Spanish hospitals and followed up during one year. Mean (SD) age was 85.2 (7.3) years, and 79.3% had LVEF >45%. Frailty was diagnosed as having ≥3 of the 5 Fried criteria. Readmission was defined as a new episode of hospitalisation lasting >24h, and functional decline as an incident limitation in any activity of daily living at the 1-year visit. Statistical analyses were performed with Cox and logistic regression, as appropriate, and adjusted for the main prognostic factors at baseline. RESULTS: At baseline, 57.5% of patients were frail. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for mortality among frail versus non-frail patients was 1.93 (1.20-3.27). Mortality was higher among patients with low physical activity [1.64 (1.10-2.45)] or exhaustion [1.83 (1.21-2.77)]. Frailty was linked to increased risk of readmission [1.66 (1.17-2.36)] and functional decline [odds ratio 1.67 (1.01-2.79)]. Slow gait speed was related to functional decline [odds ratio 3.59 (1.75-7.34)]. A higher number of frailty criteria was associated with a higher risk of the three study outcomes (P trend<0.01 in each outcome). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty was associated with increased risk of 1-year mortality, hospital readmission and functional decline among older ambulatory patients with H

Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Vitamin K Antagonists in Oldest Old Patients: A Prospective Study

OBJECTIVE: The safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in oldest old patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in daily clinical practice has not been systematically assessed. This study examined the safety of DOACs and dicumarol (a vitamin K antagonist) in NVAF geriatric patients. DESIGN: Prospective study from January 2010 through June 2015, with follow-up through January 2016. SETTING: Geriatric medicine department at a tertiary hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 554 outpatients, 75 years or older, diagnosed of NVAF and starting oral anticoagulation. MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome was bleeding, which was classified into major (including those life-threatening) and nonmajor episodes. Statistical analyses were performed with Cox regression. RESULTS: A total of 351 patients received DOACs and 193 dicumarol. Patients on DOACs were older, with more frequent comorbidities, mobility limitation and disability in activities of daily living, as well as higher mortality, than those treated with dicumarol. The incidence of any bleeding was 19.2/100 person-years among patients on DOACs and 13.7/100 person-years on dicumarol; corresponding figures for major bleeding were 5.2 for those on DOACs, and 3.3 for those on dicumarol. In crude analyses, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for any bleeding, and for mayor bleeding in patients on DOACs vs dicumarol were 1.60 (1.04-2.44) and 2.22 (0.88-5.59), respectively. Excess risk of bleeding associated with DOACs vs dicumarol disappeared after adjustment for clinical characteristics, so that corresponding figures were 1.19 (0.68-2.08) and 1.01 (0.35-2.93). Results did not vary across subgroups of high-risk patients. CONCLUSION: In very old patients with NVAF, the higher risk of bleeding associated with DOACs vs dicumarol could be mostly explained by the worse clinical profile of patients receiving DOACs. Risk of bleeding was rather high, and warrants close clinical monitoring

Desarrollo e implementación de un sistema de tutorías y material didáctico como apoyo a la docencia basado en una red telemática para asignaturas troncales en la Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Empresariales de Valladolid

El proyecto ha sido desarrollado en la Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Empresariales de Valladolid. Han participado catorce profesores y el objetivo ha sido diseñar un sistema de tutoría electrónica y un entorno de páginas web con información académica y material didáctico. El sistema ha permitido fomentar un nuevo rol del profesor como mediador y orientador en el proceso de enseñanza así como integrar diversas actividades de la clase magistral en un entorno web y estudiar las necesidades docentes de diferentes materias. El sistema es accesible a través de la página cuya dirección ha sido proporcionada en la casilla dedicada al centro realizador.Consejería de Educación y Cultura. Dirección General de Universidades e InvestigaciónCastilla y LeónES