Evaluation of proinflammatory, NF-kappaB dependent cytokines : iL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in tissue specimens and saliva of patients with oral Squamous cell carcinoma and oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a life-threatening disease. It could be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). It was confirmed that chronic inflammation can promote carcinogenesis. Cytokines play a crucial role in this process. The aim of the study was to evaluate interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in tissue specimens and saliva of patients with OSCC and OPMDs. Methods: Cytokines were evaluated in 60 tissue specimens of pathological lesions (OSCCs or OPMDs) and in 7 controls (normal oral mucosa, NOM) by immunohistochemistry and in saliva of 45 patients with OSCC or OPMDs and 9 controls (healthy volunteers) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher expression of IL-8 in OSCC specimens and TNF-α in OSCCs and OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to NOM. Moreover, expression of TNF-α was significantly higher in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus without dysplasia, whereas expression of IL-8 only in oral leukoplakia without dysplasia in comparison with NOM. Salivary concentrations of all evaluated cytokines were significantly higher in patients with OSCC than in controls. Moreover, levels of IL-8 were significantly higher in saliva of patients with OPMDs with dysplasia as compared to controls and in OSCC patients as compared to patients with dysplastic lesions. There was also significant increase in salivary concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with OSCC as compared to patients with OPMDs without dysplasia. Conclusion: The study confirmed that proinflammatory, NF-kappaB dependent cytokines are involved in pathogenesis of OPMDs and OSCC. The most important biomarker of malignant transformation process within oral mucosa among all assessed cytokines seems to be IL-8. Further studies on a larger sample size are needed to corroborate these results

Platelet Na+/H+ exchanger activity in patients with coronary heart disease confirmed by selective arteriography and the disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism

WSTĘP. Wzmożoną aktywność antyporterów Na+/H+ (NHE, sodium/proton exchanger) opisywano u chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym, niewyrównaną cukrzycą typu 1 i typu 2 oraz nefropatią cukrzycową. Podjęto również próby kliniczne zastosowania inhibitorów NHE1 u chorych z ostrymi zespołami wieńcowymi. Celem pracy autorów była ocena aktywności płytkowych antyporterów Na+/H+ oraz wybranych czynników ryzyka miażdżycy u pacjentów poddanych badaniu koronarograficznemu, w zależności od współistniejących zaburzeń gospodarki węglowodanowej i zaawansowania choroby niedokrwiennej serca. MATERIAŁ I METODY. Pomiaru aktywności antyportera Na+/H+ w osoczu bogatopłytkowym dokonano metodą optyczną u 55 chorych w wieku 57,3 ± 6,6 roku, z dodatnim wynikiem testu wysiłkowego [7 osób z upośledzoną tolerancją glukozy (IGT, impaired glucose tolerance) i 14 chorych na cukrzycę typu 2] oraz u 32 zdrowych osób w wieku 48,4 ± 9,0 lat. WYNIKI. U pacjentów, u których występowały zmiany w naczyniach wieńcowych, aktywność antyportera Na+/H+ była istotnie wyższa niż u osób w grupie kontrolnej (4,36 ± 0,90 × 10-3 × s-1 vs. 3,18 ± 0,55 × 10-3 × s-1, p = 0,000001). Nie zaobserwowano natomiast znamiennych różnic w aktywności antyportera Na+/H+ w zależności od liczby zwężonych tętnic wieńcowych. Nie stwierdzono także różnic w aktywności płytkowego antyportera Na+/H+ u chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym (4,48 ± 0,92 × 10-3 × s-1 vs. 4,34 ± 0,88 × 10-3 × s-1) oraz z IGT i cukrzycą typu 2, chociaż w każdej z tych podgrup aktywność antyporterów była istotnie wyższa niż w grupie kontrolnej. Wykazano natomiast istotną zależność między aktywnością antyportera a wskaźnikiem masy ciała (BMI, body mass index) pacjentów (r = 0,30, p = 0,047). WNIOSKI. Badania autorów sugerują wzmożoną aktywność płytkowych antyporterów Na+/H+ u osób z chorobą niedokrwienną serca, jednak zagadnienie to wymaga dalszych badań.INTRODUCTION. Enhanced activity of Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE, sodium/proton exchanger) has been previously described in patients with arterial hypertension, poorly controlled type 1 and type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. There were also clinical trials with NHE1 inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The aim of our study was the estimation of platelet Na+/H+ exchanger activity and selected risk factors in patients referred for coronary angiography, dependent on the disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism and atherosclerotic lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Platelet Na+/H+ exchanger activity was measured in platelet rich plasma, using an optical swelling assay, in 55 consecutive patients (7 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and 14 with type 2 diabetes) with positive exercise test (mean age 57.3 ± 6.6 years) and in 32 healthy subjects (mean age 48.4 ± 9.0 years). RESULTS. Na+/H+ exchanger activity was markedly increased in patients with coronary heart disease in comparison to the controls (4.36 ± 0.90 × 10-3 × s-1 vs 3.18 ± 0.55 × 10-3 × s-1, p = 0.000001). However, there was no significant differences between subjects with 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease, nor with and without arterial hypertension (4.48 ± 0.92 × 10-3 × s-1 vs 4.34 ± 0.88 × 10-3 × s-1), as well as between patients with normal glucose tolerance, IGT and type 2 diabetes, however the mean values in each group were significantly higher than in the controls. Na+/H+ exchanger activity correlated with BMI (r = 0.30, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS. Our study suggests enhanced activity of platelet Na+/H+ exchanger in patients with coronary heart disease, but the problem needs further investigations

Leczenie żywieniowe w neurologii — stanowisko interdyscyplinarnej grupy ekspertów

U pacjentów hospitalizowanych z powodu chorób neurologicznych oraz w okresie usprawniania i opieki często stwierdza się zaburze­nia o charakterze dysfagii oraz inne zaburzenia i stany kliniczne ograniczające przyjmowanie odpowiedniej ilości składników odżywczych. Może się to przyczynić do utrudnienia leczenia oraz do pogorszenia jego wyniku. Stanowisko interdyscyplinarnej grupy ekspertów wskazuje na znaczenie badań przesiewowych i diagnostyki dysfagii oraz zawiera wytyczne prawidłowej terapii żywieniowej w celu profilaktyki zachłystowego zapalenia płuc, niedożywienia i odwodnienia

Association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 Polymorphisms with Diabetes and Pathogenesis of Diabetic Complications

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) affects millions of people around the world, and its complications have serious health consequences. In addition to external factors, the causes of morbidity and increased risk were also sought in the variability of the human genome. A phenomenon that can answer these questions is the occurrence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). They constitute a field for research into genetic determinants responsible for the increase in the risk of the discussed metabolic disease. This article presents the outline of two enzymes: metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), their biological activity and the effect caused by differences in individual alleles in the population, as well as the reports on the importance of these DNA sequence variations in the occurrence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated conditions. The results of the conducted research indicate a relationship between two MMP-2 polymorphisms (rs243865, rs243866) and two MMP-9 polymorphisms (rs3918242, rs17576) and the presence of T2D. This could offer a promising possibility to use them as predictive and diagnostic markers. However, due to the low number of reports, more research is needed to clearly confirm the link between these SNPs and diabetes