Galactic R Coronae Borealis Stars: The C-2 Swan Bands, The Carbon Problem, And The C-12/C-13 Ratio

Observed spectra of R Coronae Borealis (RCB) and hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) stars are analyzed by synthesizing the C-2 Swan bands (1, 0), (0, 0), and (0, 1) using our detailed line list and the Uppsala model atmospheres. The (0, 1) and (0, 0) C-2 bands are used to derive the C-12 abundance, and the (1, 0) (CC)-C-12-C-13 band to determine the C-12/C-13 ratios. The carbon abundance derived from the C-2 Swan bands is about the same for the adopted models constructed with different carbon abundances over the range 8.5 (C/He = 0.1%) to 10.5 (C/He = 10%). Carbon abundances derived from C I lines are about a factor of four lower than the carbon abundance of the adopted model atmosphere over the same C/He interval, as reported by Asplund et al., who dubbed the mismatch between adopted and derived C abundance as the "carbon problem." In principle, the carbon abundances obtained from C-2 Swan bands and that assumed for the model atmosphere can be equated for a particular choice of C/He that varies from star to star. Then, the carbon problem for C-2 bands is eliminated. However, such C/He ratios are in general less than those of the extreme helium stars, the seemingly natural relatives to the RCB and HdC stars. A more likely solution to the C-2 carbon problem may lie in a modification of the model atmosphere's temperature structure. The derived carbon abundances and the C-12/C-13 ratios are discussed in light of the double degenerate and the final flash scenarios.Robert A. Welch Foundation of Houston, TX F-634McDonald Observator

Agricultural Accidents and Ergonomic intervention in Agricultural Machinery Design in India

Accident is an unexpected event with negative consequences occurring unintentionally causes due to ignorance, lack of training and knowledge and unsuited design of implements. Ergonomics prioritizes design of safer machinery and tools for accident avoidance. To investigate about agricultural accidents surveys were conducted during the periods 2005-2007 and 2012-2014 throughout West Bengal to assess the magnitude, causes and severity of agricultural accidents through direct interviews of the victims and their related ones in case of fatal accidents with the help of developed questionnaire. Different ergonomic interventions were introduced to the agricultural workers to minimize the accidents. The total population in the periods 2005-2007 and 20 12-2014 of the selected districts was recorded as 189940 including 53.6% male and 46.3% female and 297347 with 52.4% male and 47.6% female, respectively with total growth of 36.1% since 2007. Highly accident prone agricultural machinery includes thresher, power tiller, rotavator, chaff cutter, tractor etc. Accidents due to agricultural machinery, hand tools and other sources like snake bite, thunder were found to be 14.8%, 54.8% and 30.4%, respectively in 2005-2007 and 44.1%, 27.5% and 28.4%, respectively. The accident incidence rates due to hand tools was found to be decreased from 1.51 to 1.127 per 1000 hand tools due to increase of awareness about use of hand tools. But in the contrary, the accident incidence rates due to agricultural machinery was found to be increased over two mentioned periods from 1.28 to 2.62 per 1000 farm machines due to increased mechanization over the years. More awareness about the safe operation of agricultural machinery will decrease the accident incidence rate

時間周波数領域でのてんかん脳波識別に関する研究 －平均二乗根に基づく特徴抽出に着目して－

九州工業大学博士学位論文（要旨）学位記番号：生工博甲第323号 学位授与年月日：平成30年6月28

CONCEPT OF DIFFERENT SAMPRAPTI OF SANDHIGATA VATA

In Ayurveda, Vata is explained as life and vitality, supporter of the all embodied beings and sustains long life free of disorders. In Ayuvedic texts get a very detailed description about Vata vyadhi. There are three Doshas in our body. In all three Doshas, Vayu is Ayu and Bala, without Vata the other two Doshas have been unable to work. In Tridoshas, Vata and Kapha plays an important role in Sandhigata Vata. Sandhigata Vata is the imbalance or vitiation of Vata and this vitiated Vata disturbes the normal state of the Kapha in all the joints. In all Ayurvedic literatures, Sandhigata Vata explains under Vata Vyadhi. The Nidan told for Vata vyadhi, those are same for Sandhigata Vata because in all Ayurvedic literatures there is no separate explanation about Sandhigata Vata. It has been mentioned in this study by taking different Nidan, different Rupa of Sandhigata Vata are produced.  As by taking Ruksh ahar-vihar, Ruksha guna of Vata increases and Vatapurna druti Sparsh lakshana is produced. So, in this study tabulation of different Nidan and Lakshana by different classics are mentioned and different Samprapti of Sandhigata Vata is trying to mention by flow charts

Determinants of Dividend Initiations by Technology Firms

This thesis presents evidence that tech firms are more likely to initiate dividends to signal undervaluation than non-tech firms. I present evidence that tech firms with lower market to book ratios experience both more positive abnormal returns surrounding dividend initiations and greater increases in earnings following dividend initiations when compared to otherwise similar non- tech firms. I also present some evidence consistent with the tech firms being more likely to use dividends to stem agency costs. Tech firms with few investment opportunities and high cash flows, have higher stock returns surrounding dividend initiations than otherwise similar non tech firms. I find no evidence that dividend initiations of tech firms signal a reduction in risk