Comparison of changes in amylase activity in the cotyledons of radish and lablab

The food reserve of the seed may predominantly consist of fats, complex carbohydrates or storage proteins. To understand the chlorophyll content and various enzymatic activities taking place inside the seed i.e., in the cotyledons, it is very important and vital to analyze the degradation or synthesis of concerned products. However the work done so far with facts does open up some interesting possibilities of regulation of stored resources. The rate of degradation of starch is also slower than that of Radish. As we know that amylase activity is directly proportional to starch content. So this difference can be considered and justified. Thus it represents that the amylase is the major pathway of starch degradation in the axis and not that much significant in cotyledons of germinating seeds. The amylase activity is significant in cotyledons and is the best way to find out the parameters for the utilization of starch present

“STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF HOLMIUM DOPED COBALT FERRITE BY STANDARD CERAMIC TECHNIQUE”

Objective: Compositions of CoHoxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00 and 0.02) was prepared by standard ceramic technique using AR grade CoO2, Ho2O3 and Fe2O3. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique and the analysis of XRD patterns reveals the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. The structural parameters like lattice constant (a), x- ray density(dx), bulk density (dB), particle size (t) and porosity (P), tetrahedral and octahedral bondlength (dAX and dBX), the tetrahedral edge (dAXE), and the shared and unshared octahedral edge (dBEX and dBXEU) can be calculated were calculated form XRD data and effect of Ho3+ doped cobalt ferrite was studied. Thus, the rare earth Ho3+ doped cobalt ferrite strongly influences the physical properties of cobalt ferrite. Materials and Methods: Present series was prepared by standard ceramic technique using AR grade CoO2, Ho2O3 and Fe2O3. Results: The XRD pattern shows that both the samples possess single phase cubic spinel structure. No extra peak of Ho3+ is observed for x =0.02 sample. Lattice constant, X-ray density of Ho3+ doped cobalt ferrite is increases than that of pure cobalt ferrite. Conclusion: The rare earth Ho3+ doped cobalt ferrite strongly influences the physical properties of cobalt ferrite

Comparison of changes in sugar contents in the cotyledons of Trigonella and Tamarindus

Fleshy cotyledons serve as the major storage organ in most non-endospermic legumes. Cotyledons serve as major storage organs with protein and carbohydrates as the major food reserves. Reserve food is broken down by the formation of various types of hydrolases (e.g., amylases, proteases, nucleases, lipases, etc.). In germinating seeds, the starch degraded for the formation of sugar, it was found that at the level of starch degradation, the accumulation of sugar in cotyledons of both Trigonella and Tamarindus was quite prominent. It was marked that sugar was the hydrolytic product of starch. It accumulated in the cotyledons along with the subsequent degradation of starch. In most of the cases it showed a decline in its level due to its translocation into the axis which acted as a link

Speech Recognition Writing Robotic Arm

Robotics is a key technology in the modern world. Robots are a well-established part of manufacturing and warehouse automation, assembling cars or washing machines, and, for example, moving goods to and from storage racks for Internet mail order. More recently robots have taken their first steps into homes and hospitals, and seen spectacular success in planetary exploration. Yet, despite these successes, robots have failed to live up to the predictions of the 1950s and 60s, when it was widely thought - by scientists and engineers as well as the public - that by turn of the 21st century we would have intelligent robots as butlers, companions, or co-workers. Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15062

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION, dielectric BEHAVIOR AND MAGNETOELECTRIC EFFECT IN (1-x) Co1.2Mn0.2Fe1.6O4 + (x) BaTiO3 ME Composites

Objective: Electrical and magnetoelectric properties of magnetoelectric (ME) composites ferroelectric as electric component and a mixed ferrite as magnetic component are reported. The (1-x) Co1.2Mn0.2Fe1.6O4 + (x) BaTiO3 magnetoelectric (ME) composite have been prepared using conventional double sintering ceramic process where x varies as 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the composites reveals the formation of spinel structure for the piezomagnatic phase and tetragonal perovskite structure for the piezoelectric phase without any other phase formation. The dc resistivity was measured as a function of temperature. The variation of dielectric constant ' dielectric loss ε'' and dielectric loss tangent δ with frequency in the range 1kHz-1MHz was studied. The dielectric constant shows dispersion in the lower frequency region, with almost a constant value at higher frequencies. The magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (dE/dH)H was studied as a function of intensity of the magnetic field. The measured magnetoelectric (ME) response demonstrated strong dependence on the volume fraction of CoMnFe2O4 and the applied magnetic field. A large ME voltage coefficient of about 647 Vcm-1Oe-1 was observed for 25% CoMnFe2O4 + 75% BaTiO3composite. Materials and Methods: The piezoelectric phase Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) was prepared by standard doubling sintering ceramic method using AR grade oxides/carbonate. Barium carbonate (BaCO3) and Titanium-dioxide (TiO2) were taken in molar proportion. Results: The electrical resistivity of ferrite phase is less as compared to the resistivity of ferroelectric material. The resistivity of composites is found to be in between ferrite and ferroelectric. Conclusion: Magneto-electric conversion factor with varying magnetic field shows maxima in the curve at a lower magnetic field and then decreases continuously at higher magnetic field. As ferroelectric content increases both the resistivity and magnetoelectric conversion factor also increases

“Smart Cane Indicating a Safe free Path to Blind People Using Ultrasonic Sensor”

Visually impaired people generally use the typical white cane. There are many electronic aids for blind people in both prototype and market state. The paper introduces the problem area that motivated the work and giving an alternative solution. In this paper we propose A Safe Free Path to Visually Impaired Person Using PIC16 and ultrasonic sensors to make the cane smart. The system we propose detects the nearest Obstacle and sends back vibro-tactile feedback to inform the user about its localization. The system aims at increasing the mobility of visually impaired people by offering new and low cost cane for indoor and outdoor use which can warn them at any time when any obstacle comes in his path

Surface rainwater harvesting potentiality and impact of Dhaval micro-watershed in Satara district, Maharashtra, India

The main objective in constructing the rainwater harvesting structures is to collect and retain the maximum possible amount of runoff generated from its catchment area. If suitable small surface water harvesting structures are taken up systematically on a micro-watershed basis, it is possible to avoid the drought like conditions that prevail in semi-arid regions. The present paper based on the primary data collected by conducting intensive fieldwork and personal interviews. It is found that three main surface water harvesting structures have been constructed. These are - i) Cascade of tanks and contour bunds ii) Networking of farm ponds iii) percolation tank. It is suggested that such surface rainwater harvesting structures should be constructed in a micro-watershed particularly in the drought-prone areas to bring prosperity and development. Key Words: Water harvesting, Potentiality, Micro-watershed, Impact, Sustainable development

Metabolic disposition of a monoterpene ketone, piperitenone, in rats: evidence for the formation of a known toxin,p-cresol

It was shown earlier that the monoterpene ketone, piperitenone (I) is one of the major metabolites of R-(+)-pulegone, a potent hepatotoxin. In the present studies, the metabolic disposition of piperitenone (I) was examined in rats. Piperitenone (I) was administered orally (400 mg/kg of the b. wt./day) to rats for 5 days. The following urinary metabolites were isolated and identified by various spectral analyses: p-cresol (VI), 6,7-dehydromenthofuran (III), p-mentha-1,3,5,8-tetraen-3-ol (IX), p-mentha-1, 3,5-triene-3, 8-diol (X), 5-hydroxypiperitenone (VIII), 7-hydroxypiperitenone (XI), 10-hydroxypiperitenone (XII), and 4-hydroxypiperitenone (VII). Incubation of piperitenone (I) with phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH resulted in the formation of five metabolites which have been tentatively identified as metabolites III, VII, VIII, XI, XII, on the basis of gas chromatography retention time and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Based on these results, a probable mechanism for the formation of p-cresol from piperitenone (I) via the intermediacy of metabolite III has been proposed

Mucoadhesive carbamazepine gel for in situ olfactory delivery

Purpose: To formulate mucoadhesive carbamazepine gel for delivery to the brain via the olfactory mucosa. Methods: Carbamazepine transfersomes were formulated using Lipoid S 100 and sodium cholate. The transfersomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, in vitro release transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, polydispersity index. The transfersomes were then incorporated into gellan gum gel, and the in situ gel formulation was evaluated for drug content, gel strength, in vitro release and mucoadhesive force. Transfersomes were also evaluated for bioanalytical study in rats. Result: TEM analysis showed good regular spheres. The negative zeta potential ensures resistance to aggregation. The gel strength of the formulations was in the range of 0.6 to 7.4 g. In vitro diffusion study of transfersomal gel showed Fickian diffusion mechanism. Formulation F6 was optimized depending for gel strength (6.4 g) , drug content (99.47 ± 0.25 %), and good mucoadhesive force (50.24 ± 0.76 dyne/cm2). Bioanalytical study of F6 showed increased drug concentration in brain. Conclusion: Mucoadhesive carbanmazepine gel can be used effectively to achieve increased concentration of drug in the brain via olfactory mucosal rout