String Fluid Cosmological Model with Magnetic Field in Bimetric Theory of Gravitation

In this paper, LRS Bianchi type I string fluid cosmological model with magnetic field in bimetric theory of gravitation is investigated by assuming barotropic equation of state for pressure and density and assuming the bulk viscosity to be inversely proportional to the scalar expansion. The source of energy momentum tensor is a bulk viscous fluid containing one dimensional string with electromagnetic field. The physical and geometrical properties of the model are discussed. The bulk viscosity affected the whole properties of the model

Non-Inflationary Bianchi Type VI0 Model in Rosen’s Bimetric Gravity

In this paper, we have present the solution of Bianchi type VI0 space-time by solving the Rosen’s field equations with massless scalar field φ and with constant scalar potential V(φ) for flat region. It is observed that the scalar field φ is an increasing function of time and affects the physical parameters of the model and leads to non-inflationary type solution of model, which contradicts the inflationary scenario. Other geometrical and physical properties of the model in relation to this non-inflationary model are also studied

Assessment of nitric oxide and uric acid in patients of leprosy

Background: Leprosy is an old, dreaded infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy still continues to be a significant public health problem in few countries including India. Oxidative stress caused by derangement in the balance between ROS and natural antioxidants plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Hence this study attempts to assess the oxidative stress and antioxidant status in terms of Nitric oxide and uric acid.Methods: A case control observational study was carried out in100 untreated leprosy patients and compared with 50 healthy controls.  Leprosy patients were divided as paucibacillary and multibacillary. Serum Nitric oxide and uric acid levels were estimated in both groups to find out correlation of Nitric Oxide with uric acid.Results: There was a significant rise in serum NO in both PB and MB leprosy as compared to controls. The uric acid level was significantly decreased in both PB and MB leprosy patients as compared to controls.Conclusions: Elevated NO levels indicate oxidative stress in leprosy patients, denoting its crucial involvement in the pathogenesis and nerve damage in leprosy. Low uric acid indicates decrease defence of antioxidants in leprosy

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF MAYTENUS EMARGINATA AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN MALE WISTAR RATS

Objective: To study the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Maytenus emarginata against Paracetamol induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods: The liver injury was induced by Paracetamol @ 500 mg/kg B.W. orally for entire duration of study. The rats were divided in six groups. Rats of Group C1 served healthy control received no treatment, Group C2 served vehicle control received 1ml of Propylene glycol orally. C3 group rats acted as toxic control and received Paracetamol orally @ 500 mg/kg B.W. of rats. Group T1, T2 and T3 received Silymarin @ 100 mg/kg B.W., Maytenus emarginata extract @ 100 mg/kg B.W. and Maytenus emarginata extract @ 150 mg/kg B.W. orally of rats respectively along with Paracetamol @ 500 mg/kg B.W. of rats orally for 28 days. Results: Histopathological examination and elevation of biochemical marker enzymes ALP, ALT and AST along with decreased levels of serum total protein and serum albumin confirmed the liver injury produced by Paracetamol. Treatment of rats with Maytenus emarginata extract showed significant reduction in levels of serum ALP, ALT and AST with elevation of serum protein and albumin near to normal in a dose dependant manner. Dose of 150 mg/kg B.W. of Maytenus emarginata extract showed significant effects comparable to the effects showed by standard treatment drug Silymarin @ 100 mg/kg B.W. orally. Conclusion: Maytenus emarginata ethanol extract possess potent hepatoprotective effect

The irrational fixed dose combinations in the Indian drug market: an evaluation of prescribing pattern using WHO guidelines

Background: Evaluation of the pattern of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) prescribing amongst the practitioners in a tertiary care hospital in Central India. Methods: Nine hundred and ninety four prescriptions, containing 639 FDCs were scrutinized in the tertiary care hospital. After excluding the total and the interdepartmental repetitions, the numbers of FDCs were 278, which were considered for final analysis. Inclusion criteria were FDCs from the major out-patient department (OPD) of the tertiary care hospital from January 2011 to December 2011. FDCs from the wards, casualty, infectious disease unit, intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU), tuberculosis and chest and HIV unit were excluded from the study. FDCs were analysed for the different pattern of prescribing and rationalism. Results were expressed as percentages. Results: Out of 639 FDCs, the most commonly prescribed FDCs were B complex (12.20%), pantoprazole plus domperidone (9.55%) and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (7.35%). Seventy percent of the FDCs were prescribed to the age group of 21-60 years. The FDCs were maximum from the department of medicine (25.59%), followed by surgery (15.47%) and ENT 13.69%. Out of 278 FDCs, only 5.4% were rational, and rest of the FDCs were irrational. Ninety five percent of all FDCs were brand names. The physicians were unaware of the active pharmacological ingredients (APIs) of 20.86% FDCs. Ninety two percent FDCs were available as over the counter (OTCs). Forty eight percent FDCs were costing from Rs. 0-50. There were 2.87% FDCs whose price was above Rs. 500.Conclusions: Irrational FDCs are prescribed by all the departments. Physicians were ignorant about the essential drugs and FDCs. Patients didn’t have access to rational medicines. Therefore, physicians and regulators should be alerted in time. Regulatory actions or government laws should be made mandatory. Availability and access to 348 essential medicines for basic health care should be the priority of the government. Implementation of central drug standard control organisations (CDSCO) guidelines on industries for manufacture of FDCs must be made compulsory

A Novel Method for Graphical Password Mechanism

For the verification of authorized users in computer systems, various text based or biometrics methods are used. But these methods have some drawbacks. It is difficult to remember and recall the textual i.e. alphanumeric passwords. To avoid this drawback users prefer to create effortless, short, easy and insecure passwords which are easily guessable by hacker and this makes the system more vulnerable to attacks. On other hand, verification mechanisms based on biometrics offers security to a good extents. But they are quite luxurious for implementation. Cost becomes a key factor in the case of biometrics. Also any injury to the body part used in biometric authorization results in denial of access or performance issues. Graphical password provides another way by providing passwords that are more protected and unforgettable in a reasonable price. In this system, user clicks on images instead of typing passwords for accessing the system. This paper describes and examines usability and security of graphical password mechanism for authentication using graphical passwords. Proposed system describes characteristics for security and performed empirical study comparing Graphical password mechanism with Biometric passwords and alphanumeric password. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15013

Acute stress impairs sensorimotor gating via the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in the prefrontal cortex

Ample evidence indicates that environmental stress impairs information processing, yet the underlying mechanisms remain partially elusive. We showed that, in several rodent models of psychopathology, the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AP) reduces the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle, a well-validated index of sensorimotor gating. Since this GABAA receptor activator is synthesized in response to acute stress, we hypothesized its participation in stress-induced PPI deficits. Systemic AP administration reduced PPI in C57BL/6J mice and Long-Evans, but not Sprague-Dawley rats. These effects were reversed by isoallopregnanolone (isoAP), an endogenous AP antagonist, and the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline and mimicked by AP infusions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Building on these findings, we tested AP's implication in the PPI deficits produced by several complementary regimens of acute and short-term stress (footshock, restraint, predator exposure, and sleep deprivation). PPI was reduced by acute footshock, sleep deprivation as well as the combination of restraint and predator exposure in a time- and intensity-dependent fashion. Acute stress increased AP concentrations in the mPFC, and its detrimental effects on PPI were countered by systemic and intra-mPFC administration of isoAP. These results collectively indicate that acute stress impairs PPI by increasing AP content in the mPFC. The confirmation of these mechanisms across distinct animal models and several acute stressors strongly supports the translational value of these findings and warrants future research on the role of AP in information processing

The status and prospectus of fisheries and aquaculture in Maharashtra, India

567-575Fisheries and aquaculture sector has witnessed rapid development across the states of India and has paved way for income generation and livelihood for associated rural and urban communities. Maharashtra state ranks 7th with around 5 % share in country’s fish production, is yet to explore its untapped potential completely. Marine fisheries had always a major share (currently 82 %) compared to inland fisheries (currently 18 %) for Maharashtra. The cyclic vulnerability of marine catch and growing demand of ever increasing human population provides scope for increasing share of inland fisheries in food basket. The systematic structuring of policies and rigid implementation of the regulations for sustainable utilization of the available fisheries resources needs attention for further growth in fisheries sector of the state