Morphometric studies in the genus Clerodendrum L.

Six Clerodendrum L. species from Kolhapur district were morphometrically analyzed with the help of PCA, cluster analysis and CD. It was observed that the quantitative characters viz. petiole length, leaf length and leaf width have great significance in delimitation of all the species and corolla tube length, leaf width, gynoecium length and leaf length have great contribution in separation of the taxa. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O. Ktze.- Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn., Clerodendrum paniculatum L. - Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. and Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. - Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. are very closely related with each other and Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O.Ktze.- Clerodendrum paniculatum L. and Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O. Ktze. - Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. are significantly different from each other

An attempt to solve the taxonomical conflicts in Basella alba L.

Basella alba is a perennial climber with great medicinal potential. The plant is widely used as a green leafy vegetable. There are two forms which are distributed throughout the Southern Asian sub-continent. These forms differ in stem colour, one is green and the other has reddish purple coloured stem. Different workers have different opinions in related with the taxonomy of the Basella alba. Some mentioned these two as single species, some as separate species while some have mentioned as the different varieties or cultivars. Henceforth morphological, anatomical, palynological, stomatographic and seed surface studies were undertaken to overcome the taxonomical conflicts. The results supports the opinion as per the IPNI, that both these belongs to the same species, i.e., alba. Further molecular studies will elucidate the taxonomical conflicts within the Basella

Enhanced Distributed File Replication Protocol for Efficient File Sharing in Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks.

File sharing applications in mobile unintended networks (MANETs) have attracted additional and additional attention in recent years. The potency of file querying suffers from the distinctive properties of such networks as well as node quality and restricted communication vary and resource. associate degree intuitive methodology to alleviate this drawback is to form file replicas within the network. However, despite the efforts on file replication, no analysis has targeted on the worldwide optimum duplicate creation with minimum average querying delay. Specifically, current file replication protocols in mobile unintended networks have 2 shortcomings. First, they lack a rule to portion restricted resources to completely different files so as to reduce the typical querying delay. Second, they merely contemplate storage as offered resources for replicas, however neglect the actual fact that the file holders’ frequency of meeting different nodes additionally plays a crucial role in deciding file availableness. Actually, a node that contains a higher meeting frequency with others provides higher availableness to its files. This becomes even additional evident in sparsely distributed MANETs, during which nodes meet disruptively. during this paper, we have a tendency to introduce a replacement conception of resource for file replication, that considers each node storage and meeting frequency. we have a tendency to on paper study the influence of resource allocation on the typical querying delay and derive a resource allocation rule to reduce the typical querying delay. we have a tendency to additional propose a distributed file replication protocol to appreciate the projected rule. intensive trace-driven experiments with synthesized traces and real traces show that our protocol are able to do shorter average querying delay at a lower value than current replication protocols

Evolution of interdisciplinarity in biodiversity science

The study of biodiversity has grown exponentially in the last thirty years in response to demands for greater understanding of the function and importance of Earth's biodiversity and finding solutions to conserve it. Here, we test the hypothesis that biodiversity science has become more interdisciplinary over time. To do so, we analyze 97,945 peer‐reviewed articles over a twenty‐two‐year time period (1990–2012) with a continuous time dynamic model, which classifies articles into concepts (i.e., topics and ideas) based on word co‐occurrences. Using the model output, we then quantify different aspects of interdisciplinarity: concept diversity, that is, the diversity of topics and ideas across subdisciplines in biodiversity science, subdiscipline diversity, that is, the diversity of subdisciplines across concepts, and network structure, which captures interactions between concepts and subdisciplines. We found that, on average, concept and subdiscipline diversity in biodiversity science were either stable or declining, patterns which were driven by the persistence of rare concepts and subdisciplines and a decline in the diversity of common concepts and subdisciplines, respectively. Moreover, our results provide evidence that conceptual homogenization, that is, decreases in temporal β concept diversity, underlies the observed trends in interdisciplinarity. Together, our results reveal that biodiversity science is undergoing a dynamic phase as a scientific discipline that is consolidating around a core set of concepts. Our results suggest that progress toward addressing the biodiversity crisis via greater interdisciplinarity during the study period may have been slowed by extrinsic factors, such as the failure to invest in research spanning across concepts and disciplines. However, recent initiatives such as the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) may attract broader support for biodiversity‐related issues and hence interdisciplinary approaches to address scientific, political, and societal challenges in the coming years