1,546 research outputs found
The Equality of Sub-Surface Minerals
Sub-surface minerals are in most cases considered to be the proprietary right of a country should those minerals be found within its borders. PRO169 (Indigenous Peoples’ Rights, International Labour Organization) has recorded instances where the private land of indigenous peoples has been pilfered by a government – often through the sale of a contract to a private company, and without the consent of the people living on that land. Other times, indigenous peoples, the government they find themselves living in, and the company that bought mining rights engage in consultation. But these practices are far from transparent, equitable, or fair as indigenous peoples are often unskilled in contractual law and do not have the same legal resources as the company or government does. This paper argues that the sub-surface minerals found within the territory of indigenous tribes should be legally allocated as theirs
Intrinsic character of Stokes matrices
Two germs of linear analytic differential systems
with a non resonant irregular singularity are analytically equivalent if and
only if they have the same eigenvalues and equivalent collections of Stokes
matrices. The Stokes matrices are the transition matrices between sectors on
which the system is analytically equivalent to its formal normal form. Each
sector contains exactly one separating ray for each pair of eigenvalues. A
rotation in allows supposing that lies in the intersection of
two sectors. Reordering of the coordinates of allows ordering the real
parts of the eigenvalues, thus yielding triangular Stokes matrices. However,
the choice of the rotation in is not canonical. In this paper we establish
how the collection of Stokes matrices depends on this rotation, and hence on a
chosen order of the projection of the eigenvalues on a line through the origin.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Dark goo: Bulk viscosity as an alternative to dark energy
We present a simple (microscopic) model in which bulk viscosity plays a role
in explaining the present acceleration of the universe. The effect of bulk
viscosity on the Friedmann equations is to turn the pressure into an
"effective" pressure containing the bulk viscosity. For a sufficiently large
bulk viscosity, the effective pressure becomes negative and could mimic a dark
energy equation of state. Our microscopic model includes self-interacting
spin-zero particles (for which the bulk viscosity is known) that are added to
the usual energy content of the universe. We study both background equations
and linear perturbations in this model. We show that a dark energy behavior is
obtained for reasonable values of the two parameters of the model (i.e. the
mass and coupling of the spin-zero particles) and that linear perturbations are
well-behaved. There is no apparent fine tuning involved. We also discuss the
conditions under which hydrodynamics holds, in particular that the spin-zero
particles must be in local equilibrium today for viscous effects to be
important.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures. References added, typos corrected, figure 2
corrected, a few comments added, results unchange
Les migrations populaires des travailleurs autochtones du Nord de la Saskatchewan : symbole et réalité de l’intégration des indigènes.
Les migrations pendulaires constituent un moyen de plus en plus répandu d'intégration de la main-d'oeuvre autochtone aux projets miniers et pétroliers du Nord du Canada. Cet article cherche à comprendre les causes de ce phénomène. L'analyse procède d'une étude du scénario d'implantation d'un tel mode de gestion et, notamment, des intérêts impliqués et des circonstances qui ont favorisé sa mise en place. L'étude se démarque des perspectives dualistes de la géographie humaine du Nord canadien. Elle propose une interprétation qui tient compte de l'interaction entre le capital, l'État et les indigènes dans les cadres d'une société capitaliste occidentale en expansion dans ses zones frontalières.Long distance commuting has been an increasingly widespread vehicle for the integration of native labor to mines and oil ventures in northem Canada. This article attempts an explanation of how this process came about. The analysis proceeds with a study of the scenario of implementation, the analysis of the various interests involved, their motivations and circumstances. It results in an N.D.L.R.: Le titre de cet article était à l'origine: « Le navettage des travailleurs autochtones du Nord de la Saskatchewan : symbole et réalité de l'intégration des indigènes ». Le « néologisme » navettage, utilisé par l'auteur en guise de traduction du mot anglais commuting, n'apparaissait dans aucune des sources consultées. Le terme « migrations pendulaires » lui fut substitué car il représente la traduction française la plus courante du terme commuting. interpretation which contrasts with dualistic interprétations of the human geography of the Canadian north, as it emphasizes the interaction of private interests, the State, and indigenous peoples on the frontier of an expanding western capitalist society
L'abus de pouvoirs en droit administratif canadien et québécois
In the exercise of their functions, administrative authorities may happen to abuse their powers. The courts may then interfere. Judicial review of administrative action may be styled « objective » or « subjective ». In the first case, one ascertains whether the action under review keeps within the law. In the second, the test refers to the aims of the enabling legislation. Of course, the efficency of the latter type of review depends on the scope of the discretion delegated to the administrative authority : as the scope of discretion widens, opportunities for review narrow down. Moreover, review may be made difficult where the administrative authority is not compelled by law to give reasons for its decisions and also where the aims sought by the delegating legislature are not crystal clear. Courts may set aside administrative decisions based on irrelevant grounds or taken in bad faith. In other words, want of public interest justifies judicial intervention, even in the face of privative clauses. Courts may also consider the reasonableness of administrative action, and quash rulings which are discriminatory or arrived at without justification
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