Three species of monhysterids (Nematoda, Monhysterida) from mangrove forest of the Me Kong river estuary, Vietnam

Three new free-living nematode species of the order Monhysterida from Me Kong river estuaries of Vietnam are described. Daptonema brevisetosum sp. nov. resembles to Daptonema setosum (Bütschli, 1874), but differs from it by the relatively shorter outer labial setae, shorter spicules and shorter cervical and somatic setae. Subsphaerolaimus major sp. nov. similar to Subsphaerolaimus lamasus (Gerlach, 1956), Subsphaerolaimus gerlachi (Wieser, 1959) and Subsphaerolaimus litoralis Lorenzen, 1978, but differs from them by the longer body, longer spicules and presence of dorso-caudal apophysis of gubernaculum. Daptonema hirtum (Gerlach, 1957) is restored from synonymy of Daptonema setosum (Bütschli, 1874) and it is raised to range of valid species

Four new species of monhysterids (Nematoda: Monhysterida) from mangroves of the Mekong river estuaries of Vietnam

Four new free-living nematode species of the order Monhysterida from Me Kong River estuaries of Vietnam are described. Thalassomonhystera tenuis sp. nov. resembles to Thalassomonhystera pusilla (Boucher, Heleouët, 1977) but differs from it by the high, isolated labial region, longer outer labial setae, shorter oesophagus, shorter spicules, absence of gubernaculum’s dorso-caudal apophysis and presence of subterminal setae on the tip. Diplolaimelloides elegans sp. nov. resembles to Diplolaimelloides meyli Timm, 1961, but it differs in having longer and slender tail and vulva position located in more anterior body end. Sphaerotheristus supplementatus sp. nov. comes close to Sphaerotheristus parvus Gagarin, Nguyen Vu Thanh, 2006, it differs in having the longer and thinner body and papillae-shaped supplements in males. Terschellingia obesa sp. nov. similar to Terschellingia monohystera Wieser, Hopper 1967 and Terschellingia brevicaudata Ott, 1972, but it differs from T. monhystera in having shorter cephalic setae, others vulva position and absence of oesophagus basal bulb; it also differs from T. brevicaudata in having shorter body, shorter cephalic setae, shorter spicules and presence of one ovary

Two new species of the genus Halaphanolaimus De Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Leptolaimidae) from Can Gio mangrove forest, Vietnam

New brackish water nematode species Halaphanolaimus cangionensis sp.nov, and Halaphanolaimus rivalis sp.nov collected from Cangio mangrove forest, Hochiminh city of Vietnam are described. Halaphanolaimus cangionensis sp.nov is characterized by the absence of somatic and cervical setae, comparatively slender tail, presence of caudal apophysis of the gubernaculum and comparatively short spicules. New species Halaphanolaimus cangionensis sp.nov resembles to Halaphanolaimus harpaga Boucher, Bovee, 1972 and Halaphanolaimus luridus (Timm, 1963) but differs from H. harpaga by the absence of somatic and cervical setae, more anterior position of vulva, another structure of gubernaculums and other arrangement of precloacal supplements. The new species differs from H. luridus by the more slender tail, longer stoma, another structure of gubernaculums and shorter spicules. Halaphanolaimus rivalis sp.nov is characterized by the presence of somatic and servical setae, long spicules and pre-equatorial vulva. New species Halaphanolaimus rivalis sp.nov, resembles to Halaphanolaimus luridus (Timm, 1963) and L. lorenzeni Boucher, Bovee, 1972 but H. rivalis sp.n. differs from H. luridus by the presence of somatic and cervical setae, more wide labial region, longer stoma, shorter spicules. H. rivalis sp.n. differs from H. lorenzeni by the thicker body, longer stoma and longer spicules. Key to six valid species of the genus Halaphanolaimus are given.

Two new nematode species of the family Diplopeltidae Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda, Araeolaimida) from coast of Vietnam

Two new species of free-living marine nematodes from West Sea (Gulf of Siam), coast of Vietnam, were described and illustrated. Diplopeltula obesa sp. n. differs from D. indica Gerlach, 1962 by possessing shorter and thicker body, comparatively longer tail and shorter cephalic setae, Campylaimus gracilis sp. n. resemble to C. minor Timm, 1961, but differs from the later by having an another shape of amphidial fovea, another position of mouth, longer body and shorter cephalic setae.Two new species of free-living marine nematodes from West Sea (Gulf of Siam), coast of Vietnam, were described and illustrated. Diplopeltula obesa sp. n. differs from D. indica Gerlach, 1962 by possessing shorter and thicker body, comparatively longer tail and shorter cephalic setae, Campylaimus gracilis sp. n. resemble to C. minor Timm, 1961, but differs from the later by having an another shape of amphidial fovea, another position of mouth, longer body and shorter cephalic setae

Methodology of ground temperature monitoring system development

The paper presents the proposed methodology of ground temperature monitoring, which can be used for geotechnical monitoring of mountainous and northern infrastructure in the areas of seasonal and long-term ground freezing in order to protect these infrastructure facilities from destruction due to seasonal and long-term changes in the bearing capacity of the ground

Geophysical studies of the structure and properties of snow cover at Elbrus region

The paper presents an approach to the study of the structure and properties of snow cover, as well as its quantitative reserves and heterogeneities. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given on the possibility of using the geo-radar method in the study of ski slopes

Propagation of a cold wave in the snow during the preparation of ski slopes by salting

The paper presents a method of hydrological and hydrophysical studies to observe the propagation of a cold wave in the snow during the preparation of ski slopes by salting. Salting is used in the preparation of ski slopes for competitions, especially when the average daily air temperature is approaching positive levels, and during the day there is a melting of snow cover, for a short-term decrease in the temperature of the snow column and its partial freezing. The experiments were carried out in the summer of 2021 and 2022 on the Dzhanquat and Garabashi glaciers of the Caucasus. The experiments used thermal sensors and a temperature logger manufactured by LLC "MSU-Geophysics". The temperature sensors were located on a rod stuck in the snow with an interval of 5 cm. The temperature was measured every minute. With a single salting, a cold wave was observed for about 4-5 hours and with freezing of the lower strata with a decrease in the temperature of the underlying snow layers to -3--5 °C.The analysis of the observational data showed the propagation of the cold wave deep into 50-60 cm. The research method will allow us to investigate the peculiarities of the propagation of the cold wave during salting and optimize the salting process for the most effective preparation of ski slopes for competitions

Sabatieria Rouville 1903, sp. n.

Genus Sabatieria Rouville, 1903 Sabatieria curvispiculata sp. n. (Fig. 1, Table 1) Type specimens. Holotype male, inventory s lide no. 102 / 4 and paratype males (same slide) deposited in the collection of the helminthological museum of the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Center of Parasitology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Paratypes, inventory slides no. TC 2.10 repl. 1 and TC 2.29 repl. 1) (5 males and 3 females) deposited in the nematode collection of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam. Type habitat and locality. South China Sea, littoral zone off the coast of Vietnam, Tea Co. Latitude: 20 º 39.721 ’. Longitude: 106 º 41.662 ’– 106 º 42.653 ’. Depth 1.5 –5.0 m, sand, salinity 12.5–29.1 ‰. Collected in March 2010. Description. Male. Body elongated, cylindrical, tapering towards both extremities. Cuticle marked with transverse rows of fine punctations. Lateral differentiation, consisting of larger and more widely spaced irregular punctations, commences a short distance posterior to amphidial fovea and terminates at the base of the conical portion of the tail. Somatic setae small, sparse. Mouth surrounded by six rounded lips. Inner labial sensillae not visible. Outer labial sensillae in the shape of short setae 1.5 µm long. Four cephalic setae 3.5–4.5 µm long (29–32 % of labial region width). Cervical setae about 2.5 µm long. Stoma small, glass-shaped, its walls cuticularized. Amphidial fovea in shape of spiral, with 2.5 –3.0 turns and occupying 65–70 % of corresponding body diameter. Pharynx slender, muscular, swollen proximally, but not forming a bulb. Cardia small, muscular, surrounded by intestinal tissue. Renette 45– 53 x 25–29 µm in size, located on ventral side of body, at level of cardia; excretory pore posterior to nerve ring, at 120–132 µm from anterior body end. Gonads diorchic; testes opposite and outstretched. Anterior testis situated to left of intestine, posterior testis to right of intestine. Two spicules equal in length, distally bent almost at a right angle. Spicule with capitulum and median cuticular projection at proximal end. Spicules 1.9–2.1 times as long as cloacal body diameter. Gubernacula paired, consisting of base and long dorso-caudal apophysis. A pair of small, elongate guiding pieces located near apical spicule ends. Fourteen to seventeen precloacal ventromedian supplements, in the form of cuticular pores. Short precloacal setae 5.0–7.0 µm long. Tail slender, with rather broad, conical anterior portion and rather narrow cylindrical posterior portion, the latter 1.0– 1.1 times as long as anterior conical portion. Tail armed with numerous, short caudal setae. Tail tip enlarged, with three terminal setae 6–8 µm long. Caudal glands and spinneret well developed. Female: Similar to male in general characteristics, but body longer and less slender. Structure of cuticle and anterior body end as in male. Cephalic setae 5.0–6.0 µm long. Amphidial fovea spiral with 2.5 turns and occupying 50–60 % of corresponding body diameter, situated 0.4–0.5 labial region width from anterior body end. Pharynx muscular, widened in its base. Renette in shape of clarify baggy, situated at level of cardia. Excretory pore situated posterior to nerve ring. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic; ovaries homodromous. Anterior ovary situated to right side of intestine, posterior ovary to left side of intestine. Both uteri spacious, filled with numerous spermatozoa. Eggs not observed. Vagina comparatively straight and shorter than corresponding body diameter. Vulva praequatorial, its lips not cuticularized and not protruding outside the body contour. Tail slender, comparatively long, anterior portion conical, then gradually narrowing; thin, with short terminal swelling. Caudal glands and spinneret well developed. Differential diagnosis: Sabatieria curvispiculata sp. n. belongs to the Sabatieria praedotrix group, according to the classification of Platt (1985), and is similar in body length to S. falcifera Wieser, 1954 and S. lawsi Platt, 1983. It differs from the former in the slenderer tail (c’ = 3.5 –5.0 vs c’ = 3.0– 3.3 in S. falcifera), shorter cephalic setae (3.5 –5.0 µm long, 29–33 % of labial region width vs 7 µm long, 40 % of labial region width), vulva location (V = 44.4–46.4 % vs V = 45.7–50.9 %), differently shaped and longer spicules (76–82 µm long, 1.9–2.1 cloacal body diameter vs 66.5 µm, 1.5 cloacal body diameter) and greater number of precloacal supplements (14–17 in number vs 10 in S. falcifera) (Wieser, 1954). From S. lawsi it differs in the longer and slenderer tail (3 c = 14.3–17.1, c’ = 3.6–4.1, Ƥ c = 12.4–15.6, c’ = 4.5 –5.0 vs 3 c = 12.0– 16.2, c’ = 3.1–3.7, Ƥ c = 11.7–13.3, c’ = 4.2–4.3 in S. lawsi), shorter cephalic seta (3.5 –5.0 µm long, 29–33 % of labial region width vs 5–7 µm long, 32–44 % of labial region width) and another shape and longer spicules (76–82 µm long, 1.9–2.1 cloacal body diameter vs 70–75 µm long, 1.6–1.7 cloacal body diameter in S. lawsi) (Platt, 1983). S. curvispulata sp. n. has similarlyshaped spicules compared to S. doancanhi Nguyen Dinh Tu et al., 2008, but differs from the latter species in the thicker body (a = 35–41 vs a = 41–54 in S. doancanhi), shorter cephalic setae (3.5 –5.0 µm long vs 5.1–5.8 µm long in S. doancanhi), shorter spicules (76–82 µm long vs 87.2–91.8 µm long in S. doancanhi), shorter dorsal apophysis of gubernaculum (25–30 µm long vs 38.3–52.1 long in S. doancanhi) and smaller number of precloacal supplements (10–13 in number vs 13–18 in number in S. doancanhi), (Nhuyen Dinh Tu et al., 2008). Type specimens. Holotype male, inventory slide no. 102 / 5 deposited in the collection of the helminthological museum of the Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Center of Parasitology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. All paratype slides deposited in nematode collection of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam. The habitat and locality. South China Sea, littoral zone off the coast of Vietnam, Tea Co. Latitude: 21 º 25.712 ’– 21 º 27.521 ’. Longitude: 107 º 50.632 ’– 108 º01.950’. Depth 1.0–3.0 m, sand, salinity 29.1–29.5 ‰. Collected in March 2010. Description. Male. Body slender, medium-sized size, tapering towards extremities. Cuticle smooth, punctation not observed. Somatic setae short, sparse. Mouth surrounded by six rounded lips. Buccal cavity cupshaped. Inner labial sensillae not visible. Outer labial sensillae in the shape of short setae 1.5 µm long. Four cephalic setae 9.0–10.0 µm long (90–100 % of labial region width). Cervical setae 4–6 µm long, arranged in four longitudinal files of four to six setae and situated 25–30 µm from anterior body end (2.1–2.4 labial region widths). Amphidial fovea in shape of spiral with 2.5 –3.0 turns and occupying 50–55 % of corresponding body diameter. Pharynx muscular, swollen proximally, but not forming a bulb. Cardia muscular, surrounded by intestinal tissue. Renette 25– 34 x 24–27 µm in size, situated at level of cardia. Excretory pore posterior to nerve ring. Gonads diorchic; testes opposite and outstretched. Anterior testis situated to left of intestine, posterior testis to right of intestine. Two spicules equal in length, curved, with capitulum and median cuticular strip at proximal end. Spicules 1.8 –2.0 times as long as cloacal body diameter. Gubernacula paired, consisting of base and long dorso-caudal apophysis. A pair of small guiding pieces located near apical spicule ends. Fifteen to nineteen precloacal ventromedian supplements in the shape of cuticular pores. Tail slender, with rather broad, conical anterior portion and rather narrow cylindrical posterior portion, the latter 0.7–0.9 times as long as anterior conical portion. Tail armed with numerous short caudal setae. Tail tip enlarged, with three terminal setae 5–7 µm long. Caudal glands and spinneret well developed. Female. Similar to male in general characteristics, but body longer. Structure of cuticle and anterior body end as in male. Cuticle smooth and not punctated. Cephalic setae 10.0– 10.5 µm long. Amphidial fovea in the shape of spiral with 2.5 –3.0 turns and occupying 45–55 % of corresponding body diameter. Pharynx muscular, widened in its base. Renette situated at level of cardia. Excretory pore situated posterior to nerve ring. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic; ovaries homodromous. Anterior ovary situated to right side of intestine, posterior ovary to left side of intestine. Both uteri spacious, filled with numerous spermatozoa and one-two eggs, 60– 69 x 41–46 µm in size. Vagina straight and short. Vulva praequatorial, in the shape of transverse slit, its lips not cuticularized and not protruding outside the body contour. Tail slender, comparatively long, its anterior portion conical, then gradually narrowing, thin with short terminal swelling. Anterior tail portion 0.9–1.1 times as long as posterior tail portion. Caudal glands and spinneret well developed. Differential diagnosis. Setosabatieria orientalis sp. n. is morphologically close to S. australis Riera, Nunez, Brito, 2006, but differs from it in the comparatively shorter and less slender tail (3 c = 9.2–11.8, cʹ = 5.1 –6.0, ƤƤ c = 8.2–8.5, cʹ = 5.6–6.7 vs 3 c = 7.8–8.9, cʹ = 4.8–5.2, ƤƤ c = 9.9–10.7, cʹ = 4.6–5.2 in S. australis), smaller number of amphidial fovea turns (2.5 –3.0 turns vs 3.5 turn in S. australis), greater number of precloacal supplements (15–19 in number vs 7–9 in number in S. australis) and shape and structure of spicules (curved spicules, with cuticular strip vs L-shaped spicules, with characteristic longitudinal median hollow in S. australis) (Riera, Nunez, Brito, 2006). Table 3. Morphometrics of males of valid species of the genus Setosabatieria. All measurements in µm except where indicated. Character australis apud conicauda apud coomansi fibulata apud hilarul apud de jingjingae apud triangularis orientalis Leduc, Leduc, Probert, apud Huang, Wieser, 1954 Man, 1922 Kreis, Guo, Warwick, apud Riera et sp.n. original Gwyther, 2008 Nodder, 2012 Zhang, 2006 1929 2001 all., 2006 1231-1321 1094-1640 1601-1954 1490 1812 1856 1370-1620 1700-2371 1238-1545 33-35 25-30 31-37 34 37 38 29-34 32-44 26-39 6.5-7.1 6-8 7.5-8.5 7.4 8.6 10 7.6-9.3 8.1-15.4 6.9-9.8 8.3-8.9 15-18 9.6-11.1 13.1 8.0 9.9 10.2-11.7 9.9-14.4 9.2-11.8 4.5-5.2 1.8-2.4 4.0- 4.4 3.1 – 4.8 3.6-4.1 5.2-5.3 5.1 -6.0 Labial region width 10- 12 16-17 15-21 15 14 13 11 - 13 17-19 10-11 Cephalic setae length 10-11 6-8 10-16 11 14 13 8-9 20-27 9-10 Cephalic setae length as % of labial region width 90-100 38-47 63-80 73 100 100 62-83 107-159 90-100 Number of amphidial fovea turns 3.5 4.25-4.5 3.5 4.25 3.5 3.5 -4.0 3.543-52 2.5 2.5 -3.0 Spicules length 45-51 51-59 49-86 59 67 70 43-52 39-54 46-50 Ratio of spicule length to cloacal body diameter 1.5-1.7 1.5-1.8 1.1-1.4 1.7 – 1.8 1.0- 1.6 1.2-1.7 1.8 -2.0 Dorsal apophysis of gubernaculums length 19-21 11-13 17-21 20 33 29 12 -14 34-36 18-21 Number of supplements 7-9 7-9 15 17 – – 9 15 15-19 Discussion. The genus Setosabatieria was established by Platt in 1985. At present, the genus contains eight valid species. The most widespread and most morphologically variable is the type species, S. hilarula (de Man, 1922). This species is found in the North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Central Africa and the USA, and in the Bay of Bengal (Gerlach & Riemann, 1973). It is probable that this name has been applied to several different nematode species in determinations. S. falcifera (Wieser, 1954) is found in the Atlantic Ocean near the coast of the USA, and S. triangularis Riera, Nunez, Brito, 2006 has been found also off the coast of the Canary Islands. The last species the largest in the genus Setosabatieria and also has the long cephalic setae (fig. 3, table 3). Two species, S. australis Leduc & Gwyther, 2008 and S. conicauda Leduc, Probert &Nodder, 2012 are found near the coast of New Zealand. These species significantly differ in morphology. S. conicauda is the smallest species in the genus and also has short cephalic setae and a short, conical tail (fig. 3, tab. 3). Two species, S. coomansi Huang & Zhang, 2006 and S. jingjingae Guo & Warwick, 2001, are found in the Yellow Sea off the coast of China. S. orientalis n. sp. is found in the South China Sea near the coast of Vietnam.Published as part of Gagarin, Vladimir G., 2013, Four new species of free-living marine nematodes of the family Comesomatidae (Nematoda: Araeolaimida) from coast of Vietnam, pp. 547-560 in Zootaxa 3608 (7) on pages 547-553, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3608.7.2, http://zenodo.org/record/21975

Microlaimus capitatus Gagarin 2020, sp. n.

<i>Microlaimus capitatus</i> sp. n. <p>(Figs 1, 2; Table 1)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male, slide reference number HC1.1.18, deposited in the collection of the Vietnam National Museum (Hanoi, Vietnam).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>. Seven males and four females on slides deposited in the nematode collection of the Department of Nematology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (Hanoi, Vietnam).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> South China Sea, littoral zone of coastal Vietnam. Latitude: 21º26ʹ13ʹʹ–21º26ʹ54ʹʹ. Longitude: 107º45ʹ47ʹʹ–107º45ʹ59ʹʹ. Depth 0.5–1.0 m, sand, salinity 13–14‰. Collected in March 2016.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The specific epithet means “headed”, “of head”.</p> <p> <b>Description. Male.</b> Body of average size and slender. Cuticle finely annulated, without dots or other punctations, 1.0– 1.5 µm thick at mid-body. Cuticular pores not visible. Head smooth, swollen, set off just anterior to amphidial fovea. Six inner and six outer papilliform labial sensillae. Four cephalic sensillae in the shape of thin setae 3–5 µm long, 35–45% of head diameter. Monospiral amphidial fovea occupying 45–50% of the corresponding body diameter and situated 7–8 µm from the anterior body end. Cheilostom small with longitudinal ribs. Pharyngostom narrow, with weakly sclerotized walls. Dorsal tooth small, weakly developed; two smaller subventral teeth situated slightly below dorsal tooth. Pharynx muscular, enlarged into almost spherical cardiac bulb posteriorly. Lumen of terminal bulb slightly dilated, its cuticle thickened or weakly sclerotized. Cardia small. Renette placed ventrally to the posterior part of cardiac bulb. Excretory pore posterior to nerve ring.</p> <p>Gonads diorchic; testes opposite and outstretched. Anterior testis situated to left of intestine, posterior testis to right of intestine. Spicules paired, equal in length, curved, 1.4–1.6 times as long as cloacal body diameter. Spicules proximally cephalated and arcuate, distally acute. Gubernacula paired, 16–19 µm long, in the shape of a “scoop”, lying parallel to the spicules. Precloacal submedian supplements absent. Tail slender, elongate-conical, curved ventrally. Caudal glands poorly developed, with terminal spinneret. Terminal setae present on tail.</p> <p> <b>Female</b>. Similar to male in general characteristics. Structure of cuticle and anterior body end as in male. Head smooth, swollen, offset just anterior to amphidial fovea. Inner and outer labial sensillae in the shape of papillae. Cephalic sensillae in the shape of thin setae. Amphidial fovea in the form of a spiral in one coil, located just behind head. Cheilostom small, with longitudinal ribs. Pharyngostom thin, poorly developed, with dorsal tooth and two smaller subventral teeth. Pharynx muscular, with large spherical cardiac bulb. Renette and excretory pore present.</p> <p>Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic; ovaries homodromous, comparatively short.Anterior ovary situated to right side of intestine, posterior ovary to left side of intestine. Both uteri filled with numerous spermatozoa. Spermatheca not seen. Vagina short, extending to one quarter of the corresponding body diameter. Vulva a transverse slit, postequatorial. Vulva lips not sclerotized, not protruding outside the body contour. Tail elongate-conical, with caudal glands and spinneret.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Body of average size and slender (L = 648–754 µm, <i>a</i> = 21–28). Cuticle finely annulated. Head smooth, swollen, set off just anterior to amphidial fovea. Amphidial fovea in the form of a spiral in one coil, located immediately behind head, occupying 45–55% of the corresponding body diameter. Inner and outer labial sensillae in the shape of papillae. Four cephalic sensillae in the shape of thin setae 3–5 µm long, 35–45% of head width. Pharyngostom thin, poorly developed, with dorsal tooth and two smaller subventral teeth. Pharynx muscular, with large spherical cardiac bulb. Paired spicules, equal in length, curved, 26–29 µm long; gubernacula paired, “scoop”- shaped, lying parallel to the spicules. Tail slender, elongate-conical. Terminal setae present on tail.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis</b>. The new species is morphologically similar to <i>M. affinis</i> Gerlach, 1958 and <i>M. amphidius</i> Kamran <i>et al</i>., 2009. It differs from both of these species by the thin, poorly developed pharyngostom, more posterior vulva (V = 53.3–59.5% <i>vs</i> V = 50% in <i>M. affinis</i> and V = 50.7–51.6% in <i>M. amphidius</i>) and presence of terminal setae on tail (absent in both other species). In addition, the new species differs from <i>M. affinis</i> in the longer spicules and gubernacula (26–29 µm and 16–19 µm long <i>vs</i> 24 µm and 11 µm long in <i>M. affinis</i>), while from <i>M. amphidius</i>, it differs in the shorter cephalic setae (3–5 µm long <i>vs</i> 9 µm long in <i>M. amphidius</i>) (Gerlach 1958, Kamran <i>et al</i>. 2009).</p>Published as part of <i>Gagarin, Vladimir G., 2020, Microlaimus capitatus sp. n. and Dichromadora simplex Timm, 1961 (Nematoda, Chromadorea) from the coast of Vietnam, pp. 323-331 in Zootaxa 4732 (2)</i> on pages 324-325, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.2.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3663500">http://zenodo.org/record/3663500</a&gt