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© 2017 IUPAC & De Gruyter. The new efficient and environmentally safe methods for preparation of various classes of organic and organoelement compounds, including organonickel sigma-complexes and organophosphorus compounds bearing P-C bonds have been created using the electrochemical methods. The synthetic application of the elaborated techniques towards the process of formation of new carbon-carbon, carbon-metal and carbon-phosphorus bonds are discussed. The mechanisms of the proposed processes and the nature of the formed in the overall electrochemical process intermediates are disclosed. The elaborated methods operated in the principals of "green chemistry" can be considered as an efficient alternative to some classical methods for preparation of active catalysts, biologically active molecules and new polynuclear complexes displaying practically useful properties

Evaluation of Erosion Intensity and Dynamics Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. A new method of instrumental measurement of the intensity of rill and linear erosion on slopes by the method of terrestrial laser scanning is proposed. This method was tested on four plots in 2012–2016 with the use of Trimble™ GX, Trimble™ VX, and Trimble™ TX8 laser scanners. The terrestrial laser scanning is characterized by a high precision and rapidity, which could not be previously achieved by other devices. It has a number of advantages: registration of various types of erosion of temporary water streams; measurements from a distance without the disturbance of the studied surface and providing the safety of works; and calculations of morphometric parameters of slope using a high-precision digital model of topography. The given examples show that this approach may be applied to assess the denudation-accumulative balance of the moved soil material on slopes, to determine the dynamics of amount of deposits on different parts of a slope as a result of different kinds of surface runoff, and to identify spatial regularities of the formation of the network of rills and gullies. In addition, laser scanning makes it possible to perform an integral assessment of the combined impact of the entire combination of exogenous processes developed on slopes and affecting the soil cover. The observations on test plots showed a rather great role of autumn rains in the total soil loss from erosion. The data obtained were used as the basis for the elaboration of practical recommendations concerning the survey organization and monitoring of erosion with the use of laser scanning

Estimates of slope erosion intensity utilizing terrestrial laser scanning

Copyright © 2014 IAHS Press. Despite the large variety of methods for estimating slope erosion intensity, it is still difficult to obtain accurate erosion rates. Therefore, our goal was to develop a method to provide accurate estimates of sheet and rill erosion intensities, and evaluate denudation quantities due to abrasion, landslides and talus processes using a high-precision laser scanning system (Trimble® GX). Differential maps between all stages of surveying and TIN-models were built directly on point clouds in "Trimble® RealWorks" software. Inspection and cross-section tools were used for detailed study of ground movements on the slope surface and the development of linear erosion forms. A new method for accurate estimates of the erosion has been developed using terrestrial laser scanning techniques. It makes it possible to assess the denudation-accumulation balance on erosive slopes, determine the dynamics of the volume of material moved on different parts of the slope in various surface runoff events, and identify spatial regularities forming rill washouts

Assessment of the intensity of slope erosion using terrestrial laser scanning

© 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.Assesment of the intensity of soil erosion is a crucial challenge of modern geomorphology. Despite the fact that there are a number of methods of studying exogenous processes,such as assessment of intensity by rill wash,pins method,radioactive tracer method,the problem of quantitative assessment of erosion intensity in various sections of a temporary hydrographic net remains still unsettled. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) allows overcoming the difficulties associated with low productivity and accuracy of traditional methods. Operations on erosion intensity assessment were carried out on two key sites within the city of Kazan in 2013-2015,and on two sites in Vysokogorsky district of Kazan in 2015. The results of the measurements show the predominance of erosion (-37.69 m3/ha on the first and -86.53 m3/ha on the second key site) on the slope in Kazan and the predominance of accumulation (53.45 m3/ha on the first and 71.66 m3/ha on the second key area) in Vysokogorsky district of Kazan. The results obtained suggest the possibility of applying the TLS for a quantitative and qualitative assesment of the intensity of denudation,and determination of the process flow patterns. The method allows evaluating integrally the cumulative effect of the entire complex of exogenous processes,flowing on the slopes

Influence of Al on the structure and in vitro behavior of hydroxyapatite nanopowders

Nanopowders of aluminum-substituted (0-20 mol %) hydroxyapatite (HA) with the average size of 40-60 nm were synthesized by the precipitation method from nitrate solutions. A series of samples were studied by various analytical tools to elucidate the peculiarities of al introductio

Social and territorial aspects of the national economic security in Russia

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved. In the work in addition to the traditional division of national security into economic, financial, military, food, etc. social and territorial types of security are identified. The authors do not divide the national economic security into subtypes, they attempt to reveal the complex of social and territorial problems relating to the national economic security of modern Russia

Improvement of Nociceptive Spike Clusterization with Shape Approximation

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Cluster spike analysis is widely used for studies of neuronal activity when electrical signals are sorted out and grouped according to the different shapes. We recently applied this method to sort out the nociceptive spikes in the trigeminal nerve implicated in generation of migraine pain. However, the electrical noise leading to less accuracy of calculated spike parameters often hinder the correct sorting of nerve signals. In this study, in order to improve the accuracy of calculations, we explored the prior approximation of spike shapes before applying clusterization. The prior fitting of spike shapes allowed us to extract signal parameters much more precisely and detect the strongly increased number of spike clusters which is close to the expected number of fibers in the trigeminal nerve. Prior approximation improved cluster analysis outcomes and, importantly, revealed new clusters that demonstrated the different functional properties, suggesting that their function was previously hidden within the multiple firing

Assessment of Shoreline Transformation Rates and Landslide Monitoring on the Bank of Kuibyshev Reservoir (Russia) Using Multi-Source Data

This study focuses on the Kuibyshev reservoir (Volga River basin, Russia)-the largest in. The objective of this paper is to quantitatively assess the dynamics of reservoir bank landslides and shoreline abrasion at active zones based on the integrated use of modern instrumental methods (i.e., terrestrial laser scanning-TLS, unmanned aerial vehicle-UAV, and a global navigation satellite system-GNSS) and GIS analysis of historical imager

The Low-Field Pulsed Mode Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in the Pentavalent Chromium Complex and Crude Oils

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Wien Measurements of the enhancement of the proton resonance signal right after applying the radiofrequency pulse with the variable duration in the magnetic field of about 100 Gauss on the homebuilt prototype of the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) spectrometer at near room temperature are presented. A dependence of the DNP enhancement of the solvent protons of the solution of the pentavalent chromium complex in ethylene glycol on the pumping pulse duration and incident pumping power is given. No DNP effect on the native protons of the crude oils and natural bitumen from the Russian oilfields is observed. A miserable DNP enhancement is registered on the protons of toluene by dissolving the crude oil and bitumen samples. The perspectives of using the results and technical solutions for geological exploration, studies of the asphaltene structures and their dynamics are discussed

On the generalized concentration and molecular mass dependencies of macromolecular self-diffusion in polymer solutions

Self-diffusion experimental data obtained with the n.m.r. pulsed gradient spin-echo method in polyethylene oxide (PEO), polystyrene (PS), dextran, gelatine, cellulose triacetate (CT), poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) solutions and melts in a wide range of solvents, with molecular mass (M) and concentration (ø), were analysed to show the existence of common dependencies for Ds(M) and Ds(ø). The general law for Ds(ø) is expressed as f( ø \ ̂o) = Ds(ø) L(ø)Ds(0) and is correct for the solvent quality ranging from θ to 'good'. The existence of the generalized f( ø \ ̂o) was examined for the 17 different polymer-solvent systems. With the use of the generalized function, where Ds(O)=lim Ds \ ̂o,Ds(O)≈M-β, \ ̂≈M- 2-β 3 nearly 100 Ds(ø) dependencies were described. The renormalization function L(ø) accounts for the local dynamic properties of the concentration dependence. © 1988