Analysis and comparison of the goalkeeper’s role in past and modern soccer: a pilot study.

In modern soccer, performance control and regulation are regarded as relevant methodological procedures to maximize match performance results. Speaking of the role and technical-tactical quality among different generations of goalkeepers, they are often referred to a comparison based on personal beliefs and not on scientific data analysis evaluation. The purpose of the pilot study is to compare the technical and tactical performance of some elite goalkeepers, in two time periods and in different championships (Italian and European). Such comparison has been performed through a scientific analysis of the data collected to verify if there have been any significant changes on the tactical function of today's goalkeepers compared to the past. Data was collected both from the match and analysis the interactive online football video library (www.footballia.net), which has an archive of over 15.000 games. Therefore, it was possible to carry out a careful observation and evaluation of the matches and specific technical actions of the goalkeepers. Eight goalkeepers participated in this study and they have been divided into two groups (Group A: Donnarumma, Reina, Neuer and Ter Stegen; Group B: Zoff, Rossi, Buffon and Tafarel). The information was collected concerning six professional goalkeepers: two Italians and four foreigners. The goalkeepers have been chosen, analysed and evaluated on six matches played from each of them, detecting the data related to ball management and the position of goalkeepers in the court in 540 minutes of match. In modern football the goalkeeper has a fundamental tactical role which requires, in addition to the protection of his own goal area, also the coverage of a much wider field area

Testing motor skills, general and special coordinative, in young soccer

There is need of improvement the quality of the play and the performances continually, above all the motor skills. The tests that have been made to the male young athletes, are easy to administer and are intended to investigate two different motor skills (general coordinative and specific coordinative). The purpose of this study is to monitor and to evaluate the improvement of the performance on a sample of fifteen male young soccer players of 12-13 years old. Method is experimental and has to carry out the usual parameters for monitoring the trainings. Data were collected during eight weeks. All data detected were expressed as average ± SD on: height (162.8 ± 3.45), Weight (54.6 ± 3.21), body mass index (20.6 ± 1.72) and using some field tests (Harre test, Precision shooting test and Control test of ball). Analysis of statistical data has been conducted with Test-t to check the differences between pre-test and post-test (at the beginning and at the end of a month of specific training). The significant differences have been fixed in p < .05. The results show that there is a significant difference between the performance pre and post training, in the three tests conducted. This study analyse and evaluate the reduction or the improvement of the performance, allowing at the coaches of monitor the training process

Physical activity and sports sciences between European Research Council and academic disciplines in Italy

Also in Italy, as well as to be in all others states European Union, the academic disciplines in university system have to change to conform to the 3 areas: SH Social Sciences and Humanities, PE Physical Sciences and Engineering, LS (Life Sciences), 25 panel and 333 sub panel of European Research Council Panel Structure 2018. Nowadays, it is compulsory to have the same language within the European Union and its European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA). This change concerns the funding of research and the recruitment of professors; currently in Italy they follow two different procedures and the reform aims to pursue the unique way. Physical activity and sports sciences are in two different scientific areas: the human and social sciences and the life sciences. The problem is therefore to choose a single scientific area or to stay in two areas, to define the declaration of the academic discipline with the protection of the professors’ rights and the relationship with the ERC Area. The academic disciplines of Physical activity and Sport sciences field could be made by the following descriptors: Health, ageing - Social aspects of learning, curriculum studies, educational policies - Science and technology studies - Cognitive basis of human development and education, developmental disorders; comparative cognition - Personality and social cognition – Emotion - Clinical and health psychology – Neuropsychology - Attention, perception, action, consciousness - Learning, memory - Cognition in ageing - Reasoning, decision-making – Intelligence - Language learning and processing - Theoretical linguistics - computational linguistics - Comparative physiology and pathophysiology - Fundamental mechanisms underlying ageing - Sensation and perception - Neural bases of cognitive processes - Other medical technologies for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases - Epidemiology and public health - Environmental health, occupational medicine - Health services, health care research, medical ethics. In Italy its declaratory could be simplified: “Theories and methods of physical education, training, health and well-being” in Life sciences area with the exception for some professors to be structured in human and social sciences for educational profil

A brief review on physiological commitment in basketball: An interpretative key

The physiological commitment is widely investigated because is the basis of physical training methods and sports sciences. Every sport has a characteristic pattern of exercise and range of exercise intensities which determine the energy requirements in the sport. The review of the literature and scientific documents was conducted through the use of several databases: PubMed, MedLine, Google Scholar. Several studies carry out a lot of data and then they have applied to team sports such as soccer, basketball, handball, rugby. Performance analysis studies show that each team sport has the own and different characteristics and has unique profiles because the indicators are different. The physiological commitment may be different in the several situations analysed and be dependent on the type of mechanics of the running. The results, relative at the intensity, fatigue resistance and ability of to cover wide distances, in varied way, by basketball players during matches, can substantially affect basketball theory and practice. The purpose of this work is to analyse and evaluate the physiological commitment required of basketball players (linear and varied running with and without dribble), trying to extract relevant information from a series of research carried out in different countries of the world, for an interpretative analysis of theoretical and documental result

An Exploratory Study in Non-Professional Football on the Perception of Stakeholders about the New Working Professional Profile of Sports Kinesiologist

In Italy, recent amendments to Legislative Decree n. 36 of 28 February 2021, on sports work, may have made the application of the reform by stakeholders unclear, with the risk of generating further confusion among them. One of the most critical points concerns the possible equivalencies to the professional profile of the kinesiologist, which would be illegitimately recognized even for a different level of education, contrary to the requirements of the European qualification framework. The aim of the study was to understand the perceptions of stakeholders in the world of non-professional football regarding recent legislative provisions. A survey, divided into two sections, was administered to 112 presidents and 112 trainers of non-professional football associations of the province of Salerno. The first section presents five items common for both presidents and trainers, which seek to probe stakeholders’ perceptions of the enjoyment, appropriateness, usefulness, and scientificity of kinesiologists. The second section presents five differentiated items. Validity and reliability were calculated. A chi-square analysis (χ(2)) was performed to test the independence within and between-subjects (trainers and presidents) on their perceptions about the new working professional profile of sports kinesiologist. From the results, it was possible to appreciate a discordance of opinion among stakeholders. Although the majority of presidents and trainers are in favour of introducing such a professional profile (p 0.05). The perceptual contradictions found among stakeholders’ responses demonstrate how the complexity of recent regulatory provisions regarding possible equivalencies to the title of kinesiologist have inevitably generated further confusion among stakeholders

Analysis of learning a basketball shot

This paper tries to clarify from various points of view, physical and athletic, technical, tactical and especially from that biomechanical, those that are the fundamental elements of the shot to basket, in order to optimize the setting and specific preparation. The shot is a fundamental attack in basketball, offers many points to be analyzed from technical point of view that the biomechanical point of view, this article will try to do it on both aspect, trying to provide some elements technical and scientific to whom refer and the description of the biomechanical elements characterizing the execution of the shot at basket, to improve the whole process of teaching and learning