Adsorption of Remazol Black B dye on Activated Carbon Felt

The adsorption of Remazol Black B (anionic dye) on a microporous activated carbon felt is investigated from its aqueous solution. The surface chemistry of activated carbon is studied using X-ray microanalysis, "Boehm" titrations and pH of PZC measurements which indicates that the surface oxygenated groups are mainly acidic in nature. The kinetics of Remazol Black B adsorption is observed to be pH dependent and governed by the diffusion of the dye molecules. The experimental data can be explained by "intra-particle diffusion model". For Remazol Black B, the Khan model is best suited to simulate the adsorption isotherms

Real-time RT-PCR quantitative analysis of plant viruses in stone fruit tissues

Real-time PCR assays aiming at quantifying the level of plant infection by pathogens are becoming more and important. Within microbiology, the application of Real-time PCR has had the biggest impact upon the field of virology. However, Real-time PCR application in fundamental plant virology studies is still lagging behind. The use of relative and absolute quantification is discussed in this study. Also, case studies including Plum pox virus in transgenic plums C5 are presented.Keywords: Plum pox virus, C5, Real-time PCR, quantitatio

Evaluation of transgenic Prunus domestica L., clone C5 resistance to Plum pox virus

Plum pox virus (PPV) is one of the most devastating diseases of Prunus species. Since few sources of resistance to PPV have been identified, transgene-based resistance offers a complementary approach to developing PPV-resistant stone fruit cultivars. C5, a transgenic clone of Prunus domestica L., containing the PPV coat protein (CP) gene, has been described as highly resistant to PPV in greenhouse tests, displaying characteristics typical of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Moreover, C5 trees exposed to natural aphid vectors in the field remained uninfected after 4 years while susceptible transgenic and untransformed trees developed severe symptoms within the first year. In our study, a high and permanent infection pressure of PPV was provided by bud grafting of inoculum in the field trial of clone C5 conducted in the Czech Republic, in which PPV-infected and healthy control trees were used. Moreover, trees with combined inoculations by PPV, ACLSV and PDV were also used in the trial. The presence of the viruses throughout the tree tissues, the relative titre of the viruses and symptoms on C5 trees have been monitored over the years. The resistance stability of C5 clones under permanent infection pressure is discussed.Keywords: PPV, C5, resistance, real-time PC

Physico-chemical qualities and potentials for biochar agro- environmental valorization

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Characterization and catalytic performances of biochars synthesized from a hyperaccumulator plant: Alyssum murale

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Characterization of biochars by nuclear magnetic resonance

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Hydrogen production by methane decomposition over Ni-doped activated carbons: effect of the activation method

Ni supported over activated carbon (AC) based on olive stones were tested for methane decomposition to produce hydrogen. Physical (by $\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$) and chemical (by $\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{PO}_{4}$) activations were compared. Kinetic parameters of methane decomposition were determined depending on Ni load, methane partial pressure and reaction temperature. The catalysts were characterized before and after reaction by $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ adsorption, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The catalysts showed good initial activities that increased with temperature and nickel load, reactivity decreased with time. The reaction orders were 0.63 and 0.74 and the activation energies were 122 and 139 kJ/mol for physically and chemically activated carbon, respectively. BET surface areas and pore volumes decreased dramatically after reaction due to the deposit of carbon on the support. Ni stayed under its metallic form on the physically AC whereas it was mainly present as $\mathrm{Ni}_{12}\mathrm{P}_{5}$ over the chemically activated one. TEM characterization revealed the formation of well-organized carbon nano-onions surrounding Ni particles on the physically activated carbon. Nano-onions were not formed around $\mathrm{Ni}_{12}\mathrm{P}_{5}$ particles in the chemically activated carbon. The physical activation allowed the synthesis of catalysts with a better stability for methane conversion than what chemical activation would allow

Hydrogen production by methane decomposition over Ni-doped activated carbons: effect of the activation method

Ni supported over activated carbon (AC) based on olive stones were tested for methane decomposition to produce hydrogen. Physical (by $\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$) and chemical (by $\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{PO}_{4}$) activations were compared. Kinetic parameters of methane decomposition were determined depending on Ni load, methane partial pressure and reaction temperature. The catalysts were characterized before and after reaction by $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ adsorption, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The catalysts showed good initial activities that increased with temperature and nickel load, reactivity decreased with time. The reaction orders were 0.63 and 0.74 and the activation energies were 122 and 139 kJ/mol for physically and chemically activated carbon, respectively. BET surface areas and pore volumes decreased dramatically after reaction due to the deposit of carbon on the support. Ni stayed under its metallic form on the physically AC whereas it was mainly present as $\mathrm{Ni}_{12}\mathrm{P}_{5}$ over the chemically activated one. TEM characterization revealed the formation of well-organized carbon nano-onions surrounding Ni particles on the physically activated carbon. Nano-onions were not formed around $\mathrm{Ni}_{12}\mathrm{P}_{5}$ particles in the chemically activated carbon. The physical activation allowed the synthesis of catalysts with a better stability for methane conversion than what chemical activation would allow