Investigating Causal Relations between Public Spending and Economic Growth in Europe

The link between economic growth and the size of the public sector has fueled one of the most wide-ranging debates in economic literature and the empirical evidence is far from conclusive. With dierent techniques that encompass both country-to-country causality analysis with VAR models and standard and grouped panels, we study this relationship for a sample of 25 countries from the 1960s to the present. Our contribution is fundamentally methodological, overcoming several pitfalls of the previous literature, namely, endogeneity, dynamic eects and common patterns. The results do not support the fulllment of the Wagner's Law and a negative eect of public size on economic growth is highlighted

¿Condiciona la apertura exterior el tamaño del sector público? Un panorama

Este articulo contiene una revisión de la literatura empírica que contrasta el vínculo entre apertura externa y tamaño del sector público. En teoría, la hipótesis de compensación (Rodrik, 1996,1998) postula una relación positiva para el vinculo. En la práctica, los abundantes trabajos acumulados en los últimos diez años muestran resultados heterogéneos. La técnica de meta-análisis nos permite identificar factores (método de estimación econométrico, medida del sector público y área geográfica de referencia) que explican esa divergencia.apertura exterior, tamaño del sector publico, hipótesis de compensación, meta-análisis.

Tipo de cambio y protección. La peseta al margen del Patrón Oro, 1883-1931

This paper analyzes the role played by the peseta outside the gold standard, between 1883-1931,in altering the levels of tariff protection enjoyed by the Spanish economy, a controversial theme in modern economic history. We test the compliance of purchasing power parity between the peseta and the pound sterling to determine the relationship between the exchange rate and relative prices. The test of the homogeneity or proportionality hypotheses is carried out on the basis of the parameters estimated by the ADL method and also through the cointegration technique proposed by Johansen. The results of both models prove the compliance of long-run purchasing power parity and confirm that the situation of the peseta outside the gold standard was neutral in terms of protection for the Spanish economy. The deviations produced in the short-run tended to be compensated for or corrected quite quickly.This paper analyzes the role played by the peseta outside the gold standard, between 1883-1931,in altering the levels of tariff protection enjoyed by the Spanish economy, a controversial theme in modern economic history. We test the compliance of purchasing power parity between the peseta and the pound sterling to determine the relationship between the exchange rate and relative prices. The test of the homogeneity or proportionality hypotheses is carried out on the basis of the parameters estimated by the ADL method and also through the cointegration technique proposed by Johansen. The results of both models prove the compliance of long-run purchasing power parity and confirm that the situation of the peseta outside the gold standard was neutral in terms of protection for the Spanish economy. The deviations produced in the short-run tended to be compensated for or corrected quite quickly

Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort : 2004-2013

To analyze the impact of late presentation (LP) on overall mortality and causes of death and describe LP trends and risk factors (2004-2013). Cox models and logistic regression were used to analyze data from a nation-wide cohort in Spain. LP is defined as being diagnosed when CD4 < 350 cells/ml or AIDS. Of 7165 new HIV diagnoses, 46.9% (CI:45.7-48.0) were LP, 240 patients died.First-year mortality was the highest (aHR = 10.3[CI:5.5-19.3]); between 1 and 4 years post-diagnosis, aHR = 1.9(1.2-3.0); an