Ultrasonographic Monitoring of Uterine Involution in Postpartum Buffalo Cows

A description of normal ultrasonographic alternations of the uterus in the postpartum (PP) in buffaloes is essential for the diagnosis of pathological conditions and improves the ability to differentiate puerperal pathology from normal physiological changes. The current study aimed to characterize the changes in uterine features assessed ultrasonographically in normal parturient Egyptian buffaloes (n=20) during the post-calving period (Until Day 60 PP). In the current data, ultrasonographic findings indicated that the uterine involution was completed at 4-6 weeks PP in normal calved Egyptian buffaloes. Moreover, calving during the spring season and female new born calves were associated with an enhanced uterine involution. Early cyclicity positively influences endometrial thickness (during early PP), dorsal and ventral uterine curvature, and uterine lumen diameter (during late PP) as compared with the late cyclic group. In conclusion, the uterine involution is ended by the 6th weeks PP in normal parturient Egyptian buffaloes. Moreover, season and calves gender implicate in the changes associated with uterine involution in buffaloes. It is extremely recommended to employ ultrasound examinations in the dairy herd to improve the reproductive efficiency of females by reducing the days open and increasing the number of milking animals

Ultrasonographic Monitoring of Uterine Involution in Postpartum Buffalo Cows: Uterine involution in Buffaloes

A description of normal ultrasonographic alternations of the uterus in the postpartum (PP) in buffaloes is essential for the diagnosis of pathological conditions and improves the ability to differentiate puerperal pathology from normal physiological changes. The current study aimed to characterize the changes in uterine features assessed ultrasonographically in normal parturient Egyptian buffaloes (n=20) during the post-calving period (Until Day 60 PP). In the current data, ultrasonographic findings indicated that the uterine involution was completed at 4-6 weeks PP in normal calved Egyptian buffaloes. Moreover, calving during the spring season and female new born calves were associated with an enhanced uterine involution. Early cyclicity positively influences endometrial thickness (during early PP), dorsal and ventral uterine curvature, and uterine lumen diameter (during late PP) as compared with the late cyclic group. In conclusion, the uterine involution is ended by the 6th weeks PP in normal parturient Egyptian buffaloes. Moreover, season and calves gender implicate in the changes associated with uterine involution in buffaloes. It is extremely recommended to employ ultrasound examinations in the dairy herd to improve the reproductive efficiency of females by reducing the days open and increasing the number of milking animals

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially