Phenotypic and genotypic data, as well as pedigree-based relatedness, of experimental plants exposed to naturally occurring pollinators

Data obtained in the greenhouse, experimental garden and laboratory by direct measurement. Relatedness inferred from pedigree data. Format: Excel file. Variable definition is provided in the accompanying Read Me file

Complete database Bombus decline

The complete database, for GLOBAL DECLINE OF BUMBLEBEES IS PHYLOGENETICALLY STRUCTURED AND INVERSELY RELATED TO SPECIES RANGE SIZE AND PATHOGEN INCIDENCE, including potential variables associated with decline, described in the main text

Supplementary Material from Global decline of bumblebees is phylogenetically structured and inversely related to species range size and pathogen incidence

Conservation biology can profit greatly from incorporating a phylogenetic perspective into analyses of patterns and drivers of species extinction risk. We applied such approach to analyse patterns of bumblebee (<i>Bombus</i>) decline. We assembled a database representing approximately 43% of the approximately 260 globally known species, which included species extinction risk assessments following IUCN Red List categories and criteria, and information on species traits presumably associated with bumblebee decline. We quantified the strength of phylogenetic signal in decline, range size, tongue length and parasite presence. Overall, about one-third of the assessed bumblebees are declining and declining species are not randomly distributed across the <i>Bombus</i> phylogeny. Susceptible species were overrepresented in the subgenus <i>Thoracobombus</i> (approx. 64%) and underrepresented in the subgenus <i>Pyrobombus</i> (approx. 6%). Phylogenetic logistic regressions revealed that species with small geographical ranges and those in which none of three internal parasites were reported (i.e. <i>Crithidia bombi</i>, <i>Nosema</i> spp. or <i>Locustacarus buchneri</i>) were particularly vulnerable. Bumblebee evolutionary history will be deeply eroded if most species from threatened clades, particularly those stemming from basal nodes, become finally extinct. The habitat of species with restricted distribution should be protected and the importance of pathogen tolerance/resistance as mechanisms to deal with pathogens needs urgent research

Proportion of partially eaten seeds between people's bags and those collected underneath trees;Intact seed density comparison;Influence of seed size and weight on the germination results;Proportion of germinated seeds in relation to days passed after sowing from An overlooked plant-parakeet mutualism counteracts human overharvesting on an endangered tree

Data used to compare the proportion of partially eaten seeds differed between seed pools collected from people's bags and those collected underneath trees considering a logit-link function and a Binomial error distribution, and including “group” (i.e., gatherer or tree) as a random term. Abreviations of variable names: Bag_Tree=whether sample was taken from "Bag"= bags where humans collected seeds,or from "Tree"=from the ground where humans were collecting seeds. Prop=proportion of partially predated seeds/intact seeds log_Prop= logarithm of Prop Araucaria= number assigned to each Araucaria tree that we sampled.;Data used for the comparison of seed density in sites subject to human seed collection vs control sites. Abreviations: Site= Araucaria population sampled Den_ent= density of intact seeds found NoR= population not subject to human seeds collection R1= first population subject to human seed collection R2= second population subject to human seed collection R3= third population subject to human seed collection;Data used to test whether seed size may have influence the germination success controling for maternal effects. Abbreviations: Arau=number assigned to each Araucaria tree from which seeds were sampled P= seed weight Res: 0=seed not germinated, 1=germinated seed Treat= treatment EC= Intact seed with coat CC= Partially consumed seed with coat Cor= Hand cut seed Lar= seed lenght LcA= seed lenght counting the "wing" Anc= seed width Cant_Pre= % of seed consumed by parakeet Cant_Cor= % of seed we cut to simulate parakeet bite; Data used to plot the germination rate of seeds in each treatment after they were sown. Abbreviations: days_t0= days elapsed from the experiment started Intact= number of intact seeds that germinated till that day Part_eaten= number of partially consumed seeds that germinated till that day Hand_cut= number of hand cut seeds that germinated till that day