Poesía vanguardista en México: la generación de la revista "Contemporáneos

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study is devoted to the analysis of some tendencies in contemporary punctuation from the viewpoint of optionality. The analysis is based on the Russian and English languages. In the article the brief description of the optionality phenomenon is given. The analysis of active trends in punctuation allows to speak about the formation of new regulations involving the usage of variants according to linguistic and extralinguistic situations. The researcher states that optionality in the given aspect is found out in the parallel use of variants of using of punctuation marks in the written form of language and draws a conclusion that optionality should be regarded as a natural way of existence of punctuation norm in the Russian and English languages

Some tendencies in the sphere of punctuation from the viewpoint of optionality (based on the Russian and English languages)

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study is devoted to the analysis of some tendencies in contemporary punctuation from the viewpoint of optionality. The analysis is based on the Russian and English languages. In the article the brief description of the optionality phenomenon is given. The analysis of active trends in punctuation allows to speak about the formation of new regulations involving the usage of variants according to linguistic and extralinguistic situations. The researcher states that optionality in the given aspect is found out in the parallel use of variants of using of punctuation marks in the written form of language and draws a conclusion that optionality should be regarded as a natural way of existence of punctuation norm in the Russian and English languages

Prevalence and Incidence of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Events Are Elevated Prior to the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis in First-Degree Relatives

Introduction: The aim of this study was to characterize infection events in a longitudinal cohort of first-degree relatives (FDR) of probands with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and explore their associations with RA development. To this end, newly diagnosed RA patients (n = 283), unaffected related FDR and age-matched healthy women were ascertained from the Caucasian triple women prospective Tatarstan cohort.Methods: In this cohort initiated in 1997, 26/283 (9.2%) FDR developed RA (incidence: 9.1 cases/1,000/year). At baseline and during the follow-up, information regarding infectious events (prevalence) and their incidence and duration per year were collected from all individuals.Results: Results reveal in the unaffected FDR developing RA subgroup: (i) a higher prevalence and/or incidence at baseline of upper respiratory infections (URI), otitis, tonsillitis, herpes reactivation, and skin infections; (ii) Mycoplasma sp detection was increased during pregnancy; (iii) a peak of infections started in the 3 years preceding RA onset, and thereafter decreased following RA diagnosis and treatment initiation with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) when considering URI, and acute tonsillitis; (iv) herpes virus reactivation, at baseline, was associated with a higher report of morning stiffness and arthralgia while independent from rheumatoid factors and anti-citrullinated peptide (CCP)2 Ab positivity; and (v) infection events represent an independent environmental factor associated with RA development.Conclusion: In conclusion, an annual increase of respiratory tract infections was found at the pre-clinical stage of RA. This could be due to alterations in the immune system that result in susceptibility to infection, controlled by DMARDs, or that the infectious events predispose to RA

Some tendencies in the sphere of punctuation from the viewpoint of optionality (based on the Russian and English languages)

© Medwell Journals, 2016.The study is devoted to the analysis of some tendencies in contemporary punctuation from the viewpoint of optionality. The analysis is based on the Russian and English languages. In the article the brief description of the optionality phenomenon is given. The analysis of active trends in punctuation allows to speak about the formation of new regulations involving the usage of variants according to linguistic and extralinguistic situations. The researcher states that optionality in the given aspect is found out in the parallel use of variants of using of punctuation marks in the written form of language and draws a conclusion that optionality should be regarded as a natural way of existence of punctuation norm in the Russian and English languages

An elevated trivial infection peak events characterizes first-degree relatives developing rheumatoid arthritis

International audienc

An elevated trivial infection peak events characterizes first-degree relatives developing rheumatoid arthritis

International audienc

A transient peak of infections during onset of rheumatoid arthritis: a 10-year prospective cohort study.

The role of infection in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been determined. We aimed to document the infectious burden and some aspects of antibacterial immunity in a large and prospective cohort study of RA patients in the early and late stages of the disease and in their relatives predisposed to RA