Magnetic Phase Transition in Spark-Produced Ternary LaFeSi Nanoalloys

Using the magnetocaloric effect in nanoparticles holds great potential for efficient refrigeration and energy conversion. The most promising candidate materials for tailoring the Curie temperature to room temperature are rare-earth-based magnetic nanoalloys. However, only few high-nuclearity lanthanide/transition-metal nanoalloys have been produced so far. Here we report, for the first time, the observation of magnetic response in spark-produced LaFeSi nanoalloys. The results suggest that these nanoalloys can be used to exploit the magnetocaloric effect near room temperature; such a finding can lead to the creation of unique multicomponent materials for energy conversion, thus helping toward the realization of a sustainable energy economy

Silica-Based Catalyst Supports Are Inert, Are They Not?: Striking Differences in Ethanol Decomposition Reaction Originated from Meso- and Surface-Fine-Structure Evidenced by Small-Angle X‑ray Scattering

6.6 nm Pt nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were anchored on mostly identical, amorphous silica supports (SBA-15, MCF-17, silica foam) and were tested in ethanol decomposition reactions at <300 °C. The reaction on the Pt/SBA-15 was ∼2 times faster (0.073 molecules·site^–1·s^–1) compared with Pt/MCF-17 (0.042 molecules·site^–1·s^–1) and Pt/SF (0.040 molecules·site^–1·s^–1) at 300 °C. In the case of Pt/SF, selectivity toward acetaldehyde was ∼2 times higher compared with the Pt/MCF-17 and Pt/SBA-15 catalysts. In the case of Pt/MCF-17 and Pt/SBA-15, the methane to acetaldehyde ratio was ∼4 times higher compared with the Pt/SF catalyst. The ethene selectivity was ∼1.5 times higher in the case of Pt/SBA-15 compared with Pt/MCF-17 and Pt/SF. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies showed striking differences in the nature of the surface of the different silica supports, which may be responsible for the activation and selectivity deviation in ethanol decomposition reactions. The SBA-15 has the most disordered mesostructure, and SF has a fine surface structure with a diffuse phase boundary, which may result in the high activity and varying selectivity, respectively