Motivations for FDI and domestic capital formation

Changing patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI) stock have raised important questions about their impact on domestic economies. For example, it is often thought that increased inward FDI contributes to domestic capital formation, whereas increased outward FDI reduces it. We demonstrate that such generalizations are inappropriate. We develop hypotheses linking the impact of FDI to the underlying motivation for investment. These hypotheses are tested using available Canadian industry-level data. The implication of our results is that rapid growth in outward FDI, relative to inward growth, should not be considered as a negative development, and may reflect success. Journal of International Business Studies (2003) 34, 282–289. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400030

Numerical studies of frictional responses when cutting hybrid CFRP/Ti composite

In manufacturing sectors, machining hybrid CFRP/Ti is usually an extremely challenging task due to the disparate natures of each stacked constituent involved and their respectively poor machinability. The current research focus of hybrid CFRP/Ti cutting was primarily made via the experimental studies, which exhibited high cost and time consuming. In this paper, a new contribution was provided to study the key frictional responses dominating the bi-material machining via the numerical approach. To this aim, a multi-physical model was developed by implementing different constitutive laws and damage criteria to construct the anisotropic machinability of the stacked composite. The interrelated effects of the multi-toolwork frictional behavior on hybrid CFRP/Ti cutting were precisely investigated with respect to the specific cutting energy consumption, machined surface morphology, and affected subsurface damage. A special focus was made to clarify the cutting sequence’s influences on the hybrid cutting operation. The numerical results highlighted the reasonable CFRP→Ti cutting sequence for hybrid composite machining and the pivotal role of multi-tool-work interaction in affecting the frictional responses induced by cutting