Syzygium jambolanum treatment improves survival in lethal sepsis induced in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The leaves and the fruits from <it>Syzygium jambolanum </it>DC.(Myrtaceae), a plant known in Brazil as sweet olive or 'jambolão', have been used by native people to treat infectious diseases, diabetes, and stomachache. Since the bactericidal activity of <it>S. jambolanum </it>has been confirmed <it>in vitro</it>, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the prophylactic treatment with <it>S. jambolanum </it>on the <it>in vivo </it>polymicrobial infection induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>C57Bl/6 mice were treated by the subcutaneous route with a hydroalcoholic extract from fresh leaves of <it>S. jambolanum </it>(HCE). After 6 h, a bacterial infection was induced in the peritoneum using the lethal CLP model. The mice were killed 12 h after the CLP induction to evaluate the cellular influx and local and systemic inflammatory mediators' production. Some animals were maintained alive to evaluate the survival rate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prophylactic HCE treatment increased the mice survival, the neutrophil migration to infectious site, the spreading ability and the hydrogen peroxide release, but decreased the serum TNF and nitrite. Despite the increased migration and activation of peritoneal cells the HCE treatment did not decrease the number of CFU. The HCE treatment induced a significant decrease on the bone marrow cells number but did not alter the cell number of the spleen and lymph node.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that the treatment with <it>S. jambolanum </it>has a potent prophylactic anti-septic effect that is not associated to a direct microbicidal effect but it is associated to a recruitment of activated neutrophils to the infectious site and to a diminished systemic inflammatory response.</p

Transformations of morphine, codeine and their analogues by Bacillus sp

A bacterial strain belonging to the genus Bacillus isolated by enrichment culture technique using morphine as a sole source of carbon transforms morphine and codeine into 14-hydroxymorphinone and 14-hydroxycodeinone as major and 14-hydroxymorphine and 14-hydroxycodeine as minor metabolites, respectively. When the N-methyl group in morphine and codeine are replaced by higher alkyl groups, the organism still retains its ability to carry out 14-hydroxylation as well as oxidation of the C-6-hydroxyl group in these N-variants, although the level of metabolites formed are considerably low. The organism readily transforms dihydromorphine and dihydrocodeine into only dihydromorphinone and dihydrocodeinone, respectively; suggesting that the 7,8-double bond is a necessary structural feature to carry out 14-hydroxylation reaction. The cell free extract (20,000 x g supernatant), prepared from morphine grown cells, transforms morphine into 14-hydroxymorphinone in the presence of NAD(+), but fails to show activity against testosterone. However, the cell free extract prepared from testosterone grown cells contains significant levels of 17 beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase but shows no activity against morphine

Energieeinsparung als Beitrag zur Steigerung der Wirtschaftlichkeit in Binnenschiffahrt und Strassengueterverkehr Wissenschaftliche Tagungen in Frankfurt und Duisburg

SIGLEDEGerman

N-Demethylation and N-oxidation of thebaine, an isoquinoline alkaloid by Mucor piriformis

Northebaine was identified as the major metabolite formed during the biotransformation of thebaine by Mucor piriformis. Minor metabolites identified are isomeric thebaine N-oxides. Among isomeric thebaine N-oxides, the one with the equatorial oxygen attached to the nitrogen is relatively unstable. Resting cells, grown in the presence of thebaine for 24 hr, efficiently converted thebaine into northebaine (similar to 77% conversion). Similar experiments carried out with northebaine and isomeric thebaine N-oxides as substrates, revealed that while northebaine and the stable thebaine N-oxide are proved to be resistant to further transformation, the unstable thebaine N-oxide nonenzymatically rearranges to 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14-hexadehydro-4, 5-epoxy-3, 6-dimethoxy-17-methylthebinan and 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14-hexadehydro-3, 6-dimethoxythebinan-4-ol. These studies support the idea that N-demethylation of thebaine is not proceeding via the N-oxide intermediate

Die Chancen der Verkehrsbetriebe bei veraenderten Marktanforderungen

with 6 contributionsBibliothek Weltwirtschaft Kiel B 230944 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Not Available

Not AvailableThe present investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of various levels (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) of calcium alginate as a cold-set binder on the cold-set gelation of restructured mutton slices (RMS). Addition of 1.5% calcium aiginate showed significantly (P<0.05) higher cooking yield, batter stability, water-holding capacity and pH. However, calcium alginate did not significantly affect both collagen content and collagen solubility of RMS. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in % diameter shrinkage between control and RMS extended with various levels of calcium alginate, RMS formulated with 1.5% calcium alginate had significanly (P<0.05) higher moisture content than the remaining formulations. The control sample had significantly (P<0.05) higher protien content than the other treatments (T1, T2 and T3). Addition of various levels of calcium alginate did not significantly influence the fat and total ash content of RMS. Addition of 1.5% calcium alginate had significantly (P<0.05) increased chewiness, cohensiveness, gumminess and sprnginess values of RMS. The RMS added with 1.5% calcium alginate had significantly higher sensory colour, cohensivess, Juisiness and overall palatability scores than remaning formulations. The results of this study reveals that RMS formulated with of 1.5% calcium alginate as cold-set binder recorded highest physico-chemical, proximate characteristics, better textural stabilty and superior sensory scores than control and relieves the problems of discoloration and lipid oxidation which was very prone in hot-set binding systemNot Availabl