The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Reflections on the 'History and Historians' of the black woman's role in the community of slaves: enslaved women and intimate partner sexual violence

Taking as points of inspiration Peter Parish’s 1989 book, Slavery: History and Historians, and Angela Davis’s seminal 1971 article, “Reflections on the black woman’s role in the community of slaves,” this probes both historiographically and methodologically some of the challenges faced by historians writing about the lives of enslaved women through a case study of intimate partner violence among enslaved people in the antebellum South. Because rape and sexual assault have been defined in the past as non-consensual sexual acts supported by surviving legal evidence (generally testimony from court trials), it is hard for historians to research rape and sexual violence under slavery (especially marital rape) as there was no legal standing for the rape of enslaved women or the rape of any woman within marriage. This article suggests enslaved women recognized that black men could both be perpetrators of sexual violence and simultaneously be victims of the system of slavery. It also argues women stoically tolerated being forced into intimate relationships, sometimes even staying with “husbands” imposed upon them after emancipation

Le phénomène invisible : la composition de la famille et du foyer noirs après la guerre de Sécession

Gutman Herbert G. Le phénomène invisible : la composition de la famille et du foyer noirs après la guerre de Sécession. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 27ᵉ année, N. 4-5, 1972. pp. 1197-1218

Who Built America: Working People and the Nation\u27s Economy, Politics, Culture and Society, Volume I: From Conquest and Colonization Through Reconstruction and the Great Uprising of 1877

At last, an American history about working Americans: what they thought, what they did, what happened to them. Volume One takes us from conquest and colonization through industrial expansion, the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the Great Uprising of 1877https://scholar.dominican.edu/cynthia-stokes-brown-books-american-history/1086/thumbnail.jp

Who Built America: Working People and the Nation\u27s Economy, Politics, Culture and Society, Volume II: From the Gilded Age to the Present

At last, an American history about working Americans: what they thought, what they did, what happened to them. Volume Two takes us from the Gilded Age to the Present.https://scholar.dominican.edu/cynthia-stokes-brown-books-american-history/1087/thumbnail.jp