2,510 research outputs found

    A Blanket Of Sun

    Get PDF

    Efficiency Costs of Meeting Industry-Distributional Constraints under Environmental Permits and Taxes

    Get PDF
    A politically realistic approach to environmental policy seems to require avoiding significant profit-losses in major pollution-related industries. The government can avoid such losses by freely allocating some emissions permits or by exempting some inframarginal emissions from a pollution tax. However, preventing profit-losses in this way involves an efficiency cost because it compels the government to forego especially efficient sources of revenue and to rely more heavily on ordinary, distortionary taxes. Using analytically and numerically solved equilibrium models, we analyze these efficiency costs. We find that when the required amount of abatement is small, the efficiency cost implied by the profits-constraint dwarfs the other efficiency costs of pollution-control. When the abatement requirement becomes more extensive, the cost of this constraint diminishes relative to the other efficiency costs. We also calculate and analyze the determinants of the gross compensation ratio' the share of pollution permits that must be freely allocated to prevent profit-losses in the targeted industries. Numerical simulations of sulfur dioxide pollution-control suggest that the Bush Administration's Clear Skies Initiative would exceed this ratio, freely allocating more permits than necessary to preserve profits.

    Chlorella Supplementation Reduces Blood Lactate Concentration and Increases Oā‚‚ Pulse during Submaximal and Maximal Cycling in Young Healthy Adults

    Get PDF
    Chlorella supplementation is reported to improve VĖ™O2max following extended supplementation periods (~3 weeks). However, there is little research on its impact over submaximal exercise intensities and following shorter supplementation regimens. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of 6 g/day 2-day chlorella supplementation on exercise performance in healthy young adults. Twenty young healthy adults (Males = 16, Females = 4) (Age 22 Ā± 6 years, VĖ™O2max 42.7 Ā± 9.6 mL/(kgĀ·min)) were recruited for this double-blinded, randomised cross-over study. Participants ingested 6 g/day of chlorella or a placebo for 2 days, with a one-week washout period between trials. Exercise testing consisted of a 20 min submaximal cycle at 40% of their work rate max (WRmax) (watts), followed by an incremental VĖ™O2max test. Lactate (mmol/L), heart rate (b/min), oxygen consumption (mL/(kgĀ·min)), O2 pulse (mL/beat), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and WRmax were compared across conditions. Following chlorella supplementation, blood lactate levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during submaximal exercise (3.05 Ā± 0.92 mmol/L vs. 2.67 Ā± 0.79 mmol/L) and following VĖ™O2max tests (12.79 Ā± 2.61 mmol/L vs. 11.56 Ā± 3.43 mmol/L). The O2 pulse was significantly higher (p < 0.05) following chlorella supplementation during submaximal (12.6 Ā± 3.5 mL/beat vs. 13.1 Ā± 3.5 mL/beat) and maximal exercise intensity (16.7 Ā± 4.6 mL/beat vs. 17.2 Ā± 4.5 mL/beat). No differences existed between conditions for oxygen consumption, RER, VĖ™O2max , or WRmax. A total of 2 days of 6 g/day chlorella supplementation appears to lower the blood lactate response and increase O2 pulse during both submaximal and maximal intensity exercise but did not lead to any improvements in VĖ™O2max

    TELLUS: A combined surface temperature, soil moisture and evaporation mapping approach

    Get PDF
    There are no author-identified significant results in this report

    Reply to Bone mineral density in young adult survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

    Full text link
    No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/64309/1/24456_ftp.pd

    Critical view of WKB decay widths

    Full text link
    A detailed comparison of the expressions for the decay widths obtained within the semiclassical WKB approximation using different approaches to the tunneling problem is performed. The differences between the available improved formulae for tunneling near the top and the bottom of the barrier are investigated. Though the simple WKB method gives the right order of magnitude of the decay widths, a small number of parameters are often fitted. The need to perform the fitting procedure remaining consistently within the WKB framework is emphasized in the context of the fission model based calculations. Calculations for the decay widths of some recently found super heavy nuclei using microscopic alpha-nucleus potentials are presented to demonstrate the importance of a consistent WKB calculation. The half-lives are found to be sensitive to the density dependence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the implementation of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition inherent in the WKB approach.Comment: 18 pages, Late

    Comment on ā€œFracture resistance of paperā€

    Full text link
    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44667/1/10853_2004_Article_BF00541421.pd
    • ā€¦
    corecore