396 research outputs found
On an Interpretation of the Limits of Pre-dissociation in the Spectrum of Carbon Monoxide and the Latent Heat of Sublimation of Graphite
Basis Glass States: New Insights from the Potential Energy Landscape
Using the potential energy landscape formalism we show that, in the
temperature range in which the dynamics of a glass forming system is thermally
activated, there exists a unique set of "basis glass states" each of which is
confined to a single metabasin of the energy landscape of a glass forming
system. These basis glass states tile the entire configuration space of the
system, exhibit only secondary relaxation and are solid-like. Any macroscopic
state of the system (whether liquid or glass) can be represented as a
superposition of basis glass states and can be described by a probability
distribution over these states. During cooling of a liquid from a high
temperature, the probability distribution freezes at sufficiently low
temperatures describing the process of liquid to glass transition. The time
evolution of the probability distribution towards the equilibrium distribution
during subsequent aging describes the primary relaxation of a glass.Comment: 19 page
FedAR+: A Federated Learning Approach To Appliance Recognition With Mislabeled Data In Residential Environments
With the enhancement of people\u27s living standards and the rapid evolution of cyber-physical systems, residential environments are becoming smart and well-connected, causing a significant raise in overall energy consumption. As household appliances are major energy consumers, their accurate recognition becomes crucial to avoid unattended usage and minimize peak-time load on the smart grids, thereby conserving energy and making smart environments more sustainable. Traditionally, an appliance recognition model is trained at a central server (service provider) by collecting electricity consumption data via smart plugs from the clients (consumers), causing a privacy breach. Besides that, the data are susceptible to noisy labels that may appear when an appliance gets connected to a non-designated smart plug. While addressing these issues jointly, we propose a novel federated learning approach to appliance recognition, called FedAR+, enabling decentralized model training across clients in a privacy-preserving way even with mislabeled training data. FedAR+ introduces an adaptive noise handling method, essentially a joint loss function incorporating weights and label distribution, to empower the appliance recognition model against noisy labels. By deploying smart plugs in an apartment complex, we collect a labeled dataset that, along with two existing datasets, are utilized to evaluate the performance of FedAR+. Experimental results show that our approach can effectively handle up to 30% concentration of noisy labels while outperforming the prior solutions by a large margin on accuracy
Two factors governing fragility: Stretching exponent and configurational entropy
We derive an analytical expression showing that the fragility of a supercooled liquid is a result of (i) a thermodynamic term depending on change in configurational entropy and (ii) a kinetic term depending on change in the nonexponentiality or “stretching” of the relaxation function, as quantified by the exponent β of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) relaxation function. Our expression indicates that there is not a direct correlation between the non-Arrhenius scaling of liquid viscosity and the nonexponential nature of glassy relaxation. Rather, the temperature dependence of the stretching exponent β provides a lower limit for fragility, which can be increased through changes in the configurational entropy. Our result explains the apparent contradiction between those researchers showing a correlation between β and fragility and those who question such a correlation due to the spread of the data
Shear Transformation Zones: State Determined or Protocol Dependent?
The concept of a Shear Transformation Zone (STZ) refers to a region in an
amorphous solid that undergoes a plastic event when the material is put under
an external mechanical load. An important question that had accompanied the
development of the theory of plasticity in amorphous solids for many years now
is whether an STZ is a {\em region} existing in the material (which can be
predicted by analyzing the unloaded material), or is it an {\em event} that
depends on the loading protocol (i.e., the event cannot be predicted without
following the protocol itself). In this Letter we present strong evidence that
the latter is the case. Infinitesimal changes of protocol result in
macroscopically big jumps in the positions of plastic events, meaning that
these can never be predicted from considering the unloaded material.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Modeling Barkhausen Noise in Magnetic Glasses with Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Long-ranged dipole-dipole interactions in magnetic glasses give rise to
magnetic domains having labyrinthine patterns. Barkhausen Noise is then
expected to result from the movement of domain boundaries which is supposed to
be modeled by the motion of elastic membranes with random pinning. We propose
an atomistic model of such magnetic glasses in which we measure the Barkhausen
Noise which indeed results from the movement of domain boundaries. Nevertheless
the statistics of the Barkhausen Noise is found in striking disagreement with
the expectations in the literature. In fact we find exponential statistics
without any power law, stressing the fact that Barkhausen Noise can belong to
very different universality classes. In this glassy system the essence of the
phenomenon is the ability of spin-carrying particles to move and minimize the
energy without any spin flip. A theory is offered in excellent agreement with
the measured data without any free parameter.Comment: 5 Pages, 5 Figures, Submitted to EP
Improving Age of Information with Interference Problem in Long-Range Wide Area Networks
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) offer a promising wireless communications technology for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Among various existing LPWAN technologies, Long-Range WAN (LoRaWAN) consumes minimal power and provides virtual channels for communication through spreading factors. However, LoRaWAN suffers from the interference problem among nodes connected to a gateway that uses the same spreading factor. Such interference increases data communication time, thus reducing data freshness and suitability of LoRaWAN for delay-sensitive applications. To minimize the interference problem, an optimal allocation of the spreading factor is requisite for determining the time duration of data transmission. This paper proposes a game-theoretic approach to estimate the time duration of using a spreading factor that ensures on-time data delivery with maximum network utilization. We incorporate the Age of Information (AoI) metric to capture the freshness of information as demanded by the applications. Our proposed approach is validated through simulation experiments, and its applicability is demonstrated for a crop protection system that ensures real-time monitoring and intrusion control of animals in an agricultural field. The simulation and prototype results demonstrate the impact of the number of nodes, AoI metric, and game-theoretic parameters on the performance of the IoT network
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