Distance is a place

Distance is a Place documents a body of work and a process — a journey in translation, where a quality of feeling becomes an effort of physical capture in jewelry. The desire to reveal how a deep responsiveness to the atmospheric distance of the sky is associated with an innermost nonverbal place of refuge motivates me to make perceptible this awareness for contemplation. Incorporating photographic images of the immeasurable dimensions of sky within translucent resin, a spatial distance collapses into wearable, tangible stillness to be worn on the body as an eternal present.

Ecological interactions of Fusarium species and the meal beetle <em>Tenebrio molitor</em>

Contamination of stored grains by moulds and their mycotoxins results in quality and nutritional reduction. Ingestion of contaminated products and feed poses a significant hazard to human and animal health. The moulds deterioration and storage insects are of major concern in poor post-harvest management conditions. Theinteractions between the storage moulds (Fusarium spp.) and insects (T. molitor) are bilateral.Fusarium species colonized wheat kernels affected the feeding behaviors, weight gain and survival rate of T. molitor mature larvae. Wheat kernels colonized by F. proliferatum and F. poae attracted T. molitor larvae significantly more than untreated (control) kernels; whereas kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or Beauveria bassiana were avoided by the larvae. However, larvae fed on F. culmorum, F. avenaceum or B. bassiana colonized kernels had enhanced larvae mortality. Our results indicated that T. molitor larvae have the ability to sense potential survival threats of kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or B. bassiana.T. molitor acted as vehicle for Fusarium spp.dissemination within grains. After feeding on Fusarium mycelia and conidia for 24 h, live conidia were traceable in beetles’ excreta. Beetles were capable of contaminating a high proportion of wheat kernels up to 20 days. Kernels contamination and fungal colony forming unit density of F. proliferatum were higher than other tested Fusarium species. T. molitor beetles disseminated tested Fusarium fungal conidia internally and externally. Fungal contamination by beetle copulation to eggs was first described in our present research.F. proliferatum drew our research attention for its attracting meal beetles property. Pathogenicity of different F. proliferatum strains on T. molitor was assessed according to mortality on 4th instar larvae. Radiate growth rate, sporulation, and DNA biomass in larvae tissue were evaluated as parameters to determine the contribution to pathogenicity. For pathogenicity on wheat plants, we demonstrated that F. proliferatum strains can systemically colonize the wheat plant (cv. Taifun) from soak-inoculation of mature wheat seeds to stem, leaf and then to wheat kernels. The pathogenicity on T. molitor larvae and wheat plants was not consistent, which indicated different pathogenicity mechanisms.Ökologische Interaktion zwischen Fusarium Spezies und dem Mehlkäfer T. molitor Die Kontamination eingelagerten Getreides mit Vorratspilzen und deren Mykotoxinen sowie der Befall mit Vorratsschädlingen führen zur Minderung von Qualität und Nährwert. Durch die Aufnahme kontaminierter Nahrungs- und Futtermittel entstehen erhebliche Gefahren für die menschliche und tierische Gesundheit. Die Interaktionen zwischen Vorratspilzen (Fusarium spp.) und Insekten (T. molitor) sind bilateral. Von Fusarium besiedelte Weizenkörner beeinflussten Nahrungsaufnahme, Gewichtszunahme und Überlebensrate von T. molitor Larven. Von F. proliferatum und F. poae befallene Körner lockten signifikant mehr T. molitor Laven an als unbehandelte Körner, während Körner mit F. avenaceum oder Beauveria bassiana von den Larven gemieden wurden. Larven, die mit F. culmorum, F. avenaceum oder B. bassiana befallen Körner gefressen hatten, wiesen eine höhere Sterblichkeit auf. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass T. molitor Larven die Fähigkeit haben, potentielle Schadwirkungen von Körnern mit F. avenaceum oder B. bassiana zu erkennen. T. molitor fungierte als Vehikel für Fusarium spp. Nachdem die Käfer 24 h mit Fusarium Myzel und Konidien gefüttert worden waren, waren lebende Konidien in ihren Exkrementen nachweisbar. Die Käfer waren 20 Tage lang in der Lage, große Anteile exponierter Weizenkörner zu kontaminieren. Die Menge der durch die Käfer kontaminierten Weizenkörner und die Dichte der koloniebildenden Einheiten waren bei F. proliferatum höher als bei den anderen untersuchten Fusarium Spezies. T. molitor verbreitete die Konidien von Fusarium intern und extern. Die Kontamination von Eiern durch die Kopulation wird erstmals in unserer vorliegenden Arbeit beschrieben. Die Pathogenität verschiedener F. proliferatum Stämme wurde anhand der Sterblichkeitsrate des vierten Larvenstadiums von T. molitor bewertet. Als Parameter der Pathogenität wurden radiale Wachstumsrate, Sporulation und Pilz-DNA in Larvengewebe untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass F. proliferatum Stämme in der Lage sind, ausgehend von einer Tauchinokulation von Saatgut die daraus entstehenden Pflanzen systemisch über Stängel und Blätter bis zu den Körnern zu besiedeln. Die Pathogenität für Weizenpflanzen korrelierte nicht mit der für T. molitor Larven, was auf unterschiedliche Mechanismen der Pathogenität hinweist

The Performance Analysis of Spectrum Sharing between UAV enabled Wireless Mesh Networks and Ground Networks

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has the advantages of large coverage and flexibility, which could be applied in disaster management to provide wireless services to the rescuers and victims. When UAVs forms an aerial mesh network, line-of-sight (LoS) air-to-air (A2A) communications have long transmission distance, which extends the coverage of multiple UAVs. However, the capacity of UAV is constrained due to the multiple hop transmissions in aerial mesh networks. In this paper, spectrum sharing between UAV enabled wireless mesh networks and ground networks is studied to improve the capacity of UAV networks. Considering two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) modeling for the distribution of UAVs within a vertical range {\Delta}h, stochastic geometry is applied to analyze the impact of the height of UAVs, the transmit power of UAVs, the density of UAVs and the vertical range, etc., on the coverage probability of ground network user and UAV network user. Besides, performance improvement of spectrum sharing with directional antenna is verified. With the object function of maximizing the transmission capacity, the optimal altitude of UAVs is obtained. This paper provides a theoretical guideline for the spectrum sharing of UAV enabled wireless mesh networks, which may contribute significant value to the study of spectrum sharing mechanisms for UAV enabled wireless mesh networks.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, IEEE Sensors Journa

Spectrum Sharing between UAV-based Wireless Mesh Networks and Ground Networks

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based wireless mesh networks can economically provide wireless services for the areas with disasters. However, the capacity of air-to-air communications is limited due to the multi-hop transmissions. In this paper, the spectrum sharing between UAV-based wireless mesh networks and ground networks is studied to improve the capacity of the UAV networks. Considering the distribution of UAVs as a three-dimensional (3D) homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP) within a vertical range, the stochastic geometry is applied to analyze the impact of the height of UAVs, the transmit power of UAVs, the density of UAVs and the vertical range, etc., on the coverage probability of ground network user and UAV network user, respectively. The optimal height of UAVs is numerically achieved in maximizing the capacity of UAV networks with the constraint of the coverage probability of ground network user. This paper provides a basic guideline for the deployment of UAV-based wireless mesh networks.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Performance Analyses of the Radio Orbital Angular Momentum Steering Technique Based on Ka-Band Antenna

The misalignment in the orbital angular momentum- (OAM-) based system would distort the radiation patterns of twisted beams carrying OAM, consequently making the OAM-based communication infeasible. To tackle the misalignment problem, a radio OAM steering technique based on a uniform circular array (UCA) is illustrated. Subsequently, simulations are conducted to explore the influence of the OAM steering on the OAM mode quality and transmission performance. Furthermore, UCAs working at Ka-band with formulated feeding networks are designed and fabricated to analyze the performance of the OAM steering. The influences of OAM steering on mode quality and orthogonality are then evaluated in the experiment. Overall, the analyses of OAM steering technique are beneficial for the development of radio OAM study

Rapid fabrication of silver nanoparticle/polydopamine functionalized polyester fibers

In this paper, silver nanoparticles functionalized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers with antimicrobial activity, electrical conductivity and good coating stability are reported. Firstly, silver plated PET fibers were fabricated by rapid polydopamine (PDA) modification followed by electroless plating. Secondly, the surface morphologies and compositions of PDA modified and silver coated PET fibers were characterized by employing scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometry. Finally, the antimicrobial properties and electrical conductivity of the silver plated PET fibers were investigated. The results showed that the silver coated PET fibers exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (with an antimicrobial efficiency of 100 and 99.99%, respectively), and that the antimicrobial activity was well maintained after washing. The silver coated PET fibers showed electrical resistance of 0.76 Ω per 1 cm, indicating good conductivity. It was also demonstrated that the silver layer that formed had good mechanical durability, as indicated by conductivity measurements during tensile loading and observation of the surface morphology of the fibers under various modes of deformation