Retratando os avaliados nas áreas básicas da Capes em 2001: a pesquisa nos programas brasileiros de pós-graduação segundo uma “área ANPUR”

Este trabalho discute a base institucional para pesquisa nos programas brasileiros de pós-graduação, vista pela ótica dos programas membros da Anpur. A intenção é apresentar um retrato resumido das prioridades de pesquisa em cada programa, com base no Censo anual de dados e informações coletadas pela agência de fomento e de regulação do MEC – a Capes, responsável pela avaliação dos programas. As prioridades foram consideradas segundo as Linhas de Pesquisa anunciadas pelos programas, possibilitando não somente uma espécie de perfil dos programas componentes da Anpur, mas também facilitando um entendimento da história institucional e geográfica da pesquisa urbana e regional nas Universidades e Institutos de Pesquisa no País. O trabalho mostra que a maior parte dos programas atuais da Anpur tem vínculos históricos com a arquitetura e as linhas atuais destes programas refletem a própria história de ensino do modernismo nas escolas de arquitetura e urbanismo. Por isso a influência de um modelo de “áreas temáticas” de História, Projeto e Tecnologia se reflete nas linhas de pesquisa de muitos programas. Nem todos os programas membros da Anpur seguem esta “lógica” institucional e o trabalho tenta retratar de forma sumária as outras orientações institucionais que influem no perfil mais complexo e interdisciplinar da Associação, no campo de pesquisa.pesquisa; programas de pós-graduação; avaliação; Capes

Notas sobre as tecnologias de cartografia - algumas implantações para o urbanismo das cidades coloniais no Brasil

This paper deals with cartographic imprécisions which add to others found in the first registers of the 16th century about life in the new South American colonies. The introduction shows historical, geographical and representational inaccuracies concerning the Indian settlements in the area of present-day state of São Paulo. In the second part, issues of cartographic techniques are discussed in relation to problems of misun derstn ding navigational instruments, such as that of reading the "needle direction" attention being especially paid to the imprecision of longitudinal measurement. In the third part, evidences of the difficulties in determining longitude are collected in cartographical interpretation disputes between Portugal and Spain up to 1750. At that time , longitudinal imprecision in maps and geopolitical interests were combined. The conclusion shows that it was for that reason that power of colonial administration was based on the urban form s of territorial occupation, which changed after 1750 a ccording to the new colonial interestsO trabalho trata das imprecisões cartográficas que se acumulam a outras presentes nos primeiros registros do século 16 sobre a vida nas novas colônias sulamericanas. A introdução mostra inexatidões geográficas e representacionais relativas a assentamentos indígenas então existentes no atual estado de São Paulo. A parte seguinte discute problem as nas técnicas cartográficas da fase inicial dos Descobrimentos, relacionando-os à imprecisão da leitura de instrumentos marítimos, tais como a dificuldade em se entender a direção da bússola e as falhas na mensuração longitudinal. Uma terceira parte e videncia estas dificuldades de mensuração com base em disputas cartográficas entre Portugal e Espanha que chegam a 1750. Nesse momento a imprecisão longitudinal mistura-se a interesses geopolíticos das metrópoles, especialmente em questões fronteiriças. Conclui-se que por esta razão o poder da administraçã o colonial baseou-se em formas urbanas de ocupação territorial, as quais mudam, especialmente após 1750, com os novos interesses coloniai

Predicting the movements of permanently installed electrodes on an active landslide using time-lapse geoelectrical resistivity data only

If electrodes move during geoelectrical resistivity monitoring and their new positions are not incorporated in the inversion, then the resulting tomographic images exhibit artefacts that can obscure genuine time-lapse resistivity changes in the subsurface. The effects of electrode movements on time-lapse resistivity tomography are investigated using a simple analytical model and real data. The correspondence between the model and the data is sufficiently good to be able to predict the effects of electrode movements with reasonable accuracy. For the linear electrode arrays and 2D inversions under consideration, the data are much more sensitive to longitudinal than transverse or vertical movements. Consequently the model can be used to invert the longitudinal offsets of the electrodes from their known baseline positions using only the time-lapse ratios of the apparent resistivity data. The example datasets are taken from a permanently installed electrode array on an active lobe of a landslide. Using two sets with different levels of noise and subsurface resistivity changes, it is found that the electrode positions can be recovered to an accuracy of 4 % of the baseline electrode spacing. This is sufficient to correct the artefacts in the resistivity images, and provides for the possibility of monitoring the movement of the landslide and its internal hydraulic processes simultaneously using electrical resistivity tomography only

Geophysical-geotechnical sensor networks for landslide monitoring

Landslides are often the result of complex, multi-phase processes where gradual deterioration of shear strength within the sub-surface precedes the appearance of surface features and slope failure. Moisture content increases and the build-up of associated pore water pressures are invariably associated with a loss of strength, and thus are a precursor to failure. Consequently, hydraulic processes typically play a major role in the development of landslides. Geoelectrical techniques, such as resistivity and self-potential are being increasingly applied to study landslide structure and the hydraulics of landslide processes. The great strengths of these techniques are that they provide spatial or volumetric information at the site scale, which, when calibrated with appropriate geotechnical and hydrogeological data, can be used to characterise lithological variability and monitor hydraulic changes in the subsurface. In this study we describe the development of an automated time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ALERT) and geotechnical monitoring system on an active inland landslide near Malton, North Yorkshire, UK. The overarching objective of the research is to develop a 4D landslide monitoring system that can characterise the subsurface structure of the landslide, and reveal the hydraulic precursors to movement. The site is a particularly import research facility as it is representative of many lowland UK situations in which weak mudrocks have failed on valley sides. Significant research efforts have already been expended at the site, and a number of baseline data sets have been collected, including ground and airborne LIDAR, geomorphologic and geological maps, and geophysical models. The monitoring network comprises an ALERT monitoring station connected to a 3D monitoring electrode array installed across an area of 5,500 m2, extending from above the back scarp to beyond the toe of the landslide. The ALERT instrument uses wireless telemetry (in this case GPRS) to communicate with an office based server, which runs control software and a database management system. The control software is used to schedule data acquisition, whilst the database management system stores, processes and inverts the remotely streamed ERT data. Once installed and configured, the system operates autonomously without manual intervention. Modifications to the ALERT system at this site have included the addition of environmental and geotechnical sensors to monitor rainfall, ground movement, ground and air temperature, and pore pressure changes within the landslide. The system is housed in a weatherproof enclosure and is powered by batteries charged by a wind turbine & solar panels. 3D ERT images generated from the landslide have been calibrated against resistivity information derived from laboratory testing of borehole core recovered from the landslide. The calibrated images revealed key aspects of the 3D landslide structure, including the lateral extent of slipped material and zones of depletion and accumulation; the surface of separation and the thickness of individual earth flow lobes; and the dipping in situ geological boundary between the bedrock formations. Time-lapse analysis of resistivity signatures has revealed artefacts within the images that are diagnostic of electrode movement. Analytical models have been developed to simulate the observed artefacts, from which predictions of electrode movement have been derived. This information has been used to correct the ERT data sets, and has provided a means of using ERT to monitor landslide movement across the entire ALERT imaging area. Initial assessment of seasonal changes in the resistivity signature has indicated that the system is sensitive to moisture content changes in the body of the landslide, thereby providing a basis for further development of the system with the aim of monitoring hydraulic precursors to failure

Uma corporação nas incertezas do início dos anos 90, 1989-1991

Uma corporação nas incertezas do início dos anos 90, 1989-199

Aerodynamic levitator furnace for measuring thermophysical properties of refractory liquids

The development of novel contactless aerodynamic laser heated levitation techniques is reported that enable thermophysical properties of refractory liquids to be measured in situ in the solid, liquid, and supercooled liquid state and demonstrated here for alumina. Starting with polished crystalline ruby spheres, we show how, by accurately measuring the changing radius, the known density in the solid state can be reproduced from room temperature to the melting point at 2323 K. Once molten, by coupling the floating liquid drop to acoustic oscillations via the levitating gas, the mechanical resonance and damping of the liquid can be measured precisely with high-speed high-resolution shadow cast imaging. The resonance frequency relates to the surface tension, the decay constant to the viscosity, and the ellipsoidal size and shape of the levitating drop to the density. This unique instrumentation enables these related thermophysical properties to be recorded in situ over the entire liquid and supercooled range of alumina, from the boiling point at 3240 K, until spontaneous crystallization occurs around 1860 K, almost 500 below the melting point. We believe that the utility that this unique instrumentation provides will be applicable to studying these important properties in many other high temperature liquids

A industrialização brasileira e a dimensão geográfica dos estabelecimentos industriais

Em razão da predominância da produção voltada para a exportação de bens agrícolas, tais como açúcar, café e algodão, a industrialização brasileira no século XIX e na primeira metade do século XX foi parcial, tanto em seu conteúdo quanto em sua extensão geográfica. A expansão da economia do café e a chegada, no final do século XVII, de um novo e centralizado processo de transformação industrial da cana-de-açúcar sustentou a dominância da produção de exportáveis, permitindo o surgimento de um setor industrial têxtil que se expandiu geográfica e economicamente no século XX. A ausência de informação censitária industrial para o período que antecede o ano de 1920 impediu a realização de estudos mais gerais sobre a história industrial brasileira. O presente artigo trata da evolução histórica da indústria brasileira do ponto de vista da dimensão espacial dos estabelecimentos industriais, no que diz respeito às instalações residenciais, de serviços e da mão-de-obra. Desde 1996, um arquivo contendo dados sobre assentamentos industriais com vila operária foi parcialmente elaborado abrangendo mais de 80% do território brasileiro. Esse material permitiu uma descrição geral dos estabelecimentos industriais em cada região do Brasil no período de 1810 até o presente.

Photometric Catalogue of Quasars and Other Point Sources in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present a catalogue of about 6 million unresolved photometric detections in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Seventh Data Release classifying them into stars, galaxies and quasars. We use a machine learning classifier trained on a subset of spectroscopically confirmed objects from 14th to 22nd magnitude in the SDSS {\it i}-band. Our catalogue consists of 2,430,625 quasars, 3,544,036 stars and 63,586 unresolved galaxies from 14th to 24th magnitude in the SDSS {\it i}-band. Our algorithm recovers 99.96% of spectroscopically confirmed quasars and 99.51% of stars to i $\sim$21.3 in the colour window that we study. The level of contamination due to data artefacts for objects beyond $i=21.3$ is highly uncertain and all mention of completeness and contamination in the paper are valid only for objects brighter than this magnitude. However, a comparison of the predicted number of quasars with the theoretical number counts shows reasonable agreement.Comment: 16 pages, Ref. No. MN-10-2382-MJ.R2, accepted for publication in MNRAS Main Journal, April 201

Identification and preliminary characterization of mouse Adam33

BACKGROUND: The metalloprotease-disintegrin family, or ADAM, proteins, are implicated in cell-cell interactions, cell fusion, and cell signaling, and are widely distributed among metazoan phyla. Orthologous relationships have been defined for a few ADAM proteins including ADAM10 (Kuzbanian), and ADAM17 (TACE), but evolutionary relationships are not clear for the majority of family members. Human ADAM33 refers to a testis cDNA clone that does not contain a complete open reading frame, but portions of the predicted protein are similar to Xenopus laevis ADAM13. RESULTS: In a 48 kb region of mouse DNA adjacent to the Attractin gene on mouse chromosome 2, we identified sequences very similar to human ADAM33. A full-length mouse cDNA was identified by a combination of gene prediction programs and RT-PCR, and the probable full-length human cDNA was identified by comparison to human genomic sequence in the homologous region on chromosome 20p13. Mouse ADAM33 is 44% identical to Xenopus laevis ADAM13, however a phylogenetic alignment and consideration of functional domains suggests that the two genes are not orthologous. Mouse Adam33 is widely expressed, most highly in the adult brain, heart, kidney, lung and testis. CONCLUSIONS: While mouse ADAM33 is similar to Xenopus ADAM13 in sequence, further examination of its embryonic expression pattern, catalytic activity and protein interactions will be required to assess the functional relationship between these two proteins. Adam33 is expressed in the mouse adult brain and could play a role in complex processes that require cell-cell communication