Fracionamento de diferentes classes de compostos químicos por cromatografia líquida em coluna.

Resumo

ITS-rDNA phylogeny of Colletotrichum spp. causal agent of apple glomerella leaf spot.

Several diseases have affected apple production, among them there is Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by Colletotrichum spp. The first report of this disease in apple was in plants nearby citrus orchards in São Paulo State, Brazil. The origin of this disease is still not clear, and studies based on the molecular phylogeny could relate the organisms evolutionarily and characterize possible mechanisms of divergent evolution. The amplification of 5.8S-ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) of rDNA of 51 pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. isolates from apples, pineapple guava and citrus produced one fragment of approximately 600 bases pairs (bp) for all the isolates analyzed. The amplified fragments were cleaved with restriction enzymes, and fragments from 90 to 500bp were obtained. The sequencing of this region allowed the generation of a phylogenetic tree, regardless of their hosts, and 5 isolated groups were obtained. From the "in silico" comparison, it was possible to verify a variation from 93 to 100% of similarity between the sequences studied and the Genbank data base. The causal agent of GLS is nearly related (clustered) to isolates of pineapple guava and to the citrus isolates used as control

Primeiro registro de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Liviidade) para o estado de Roraima, Brasil.

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Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para características reprodutivas e de crescimento em bovinos da raça Canchim.

Estudou-se neste trabalho dados referentes às características de idade ao segundo parto (ISP), perímetro escrotal aos 420 dias de idade (PE420) e peso aos 420 dias de idade de machos e fêmeas (P420) de animais da raça Canchim, para as quais foram obtidas estimativas de herdabilidade e correlações genéticas. No modelo animal, foram incluídos os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos e os efeitos aleatórios aditivos diretos e residuais. Utilizou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita em análise bi-característica. As médias de ISP, PE420 e P420 foram iguais a 57,07±8,69 meses, 24,63±3,84 cm e 260,37±46,5l kg, respectivamente. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram 0,07±0,01, 0,2l±0,05 e 0,24±0,03, respectivamente para ISP, PE420 e P420. As correlações genéticas foram iguais a -0,47 (ISPXPE420) e 0,10 (ISPxP420). A seleção direta para perímetro escrotal aos 420 dias de idade poderá resultar em progresso genético favoráveis na assiduidade reprodutiva de fêmeas da raça Canchim, considerando que o PE420 apresentou correlação genética aditiva com idade ao segundo parto

Estimativas de componentes de variância e herdabilidade para características reprodutivas e de crescimento em bovinos da raça Canchim.

Estudou-se neste trabalho dados referentes às características de idade ao primeiro parto (lPP), idade ao segundo parto (ISP), perímetro escrotal aos 420 dias de idade (PE420) e peso aos 420 dias de idade de machos e fêmeas (P420) de animais da raça Canchim, para as quais foram obtidas estimativas de herdabilidade. No modelo animal, foram incluídos os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos e os efeitos aleatórios aditivos diretos e residuais. Empregou-se o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita em análise uni-característica. As médias observadas de IPP, ISP, PE420 e P420 foram iguais a 39,47±7,20 meses, 57,08±8,79 meses, 24,63±3,84 cm e 260,37±46,5l kg, respectivamente. As herdabilidades foram iguais a 0,03±0,Ol, 0,07±0,Ol, 0,22±0,05 e 0,24±0,03 para IPP, ISP, PE420 e P420, respectivamente. Dentre as características reprodutivas e de crescimento estudadas o perímetro escrotal e o peso aos 420 dias de idade apresentaram estimativas de herdabilidade de moderada magnitude, indicando que a seleção para estas características poderá contribuir para o melhoramento genético da raça Canchim

Interindividual variation and consistency of migratory behavior in the Eurasian woodcock

Diverse spatio-temporal aspects of avian migration rely on relatively rigid endogenous programs. However, flexibility in migratory behavior may allow effective coping with unpredictable variation in ecological conditions that can occur during migration. We aimed at characterizing inter- and intraindividual variation of migratory behavior in a forest-dwelling wader species, the Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola, focusing on spatio-temporal consistency across repeated migration episodes. By satellite-tracking birds from their wintering sites along the Italian peninsula to their breeding areas, we disclosed a remarkable variability in migration distances, with some birds flying more than 6,000 km to Central Asian breeding grounds (up to 101\ub0E). Prebreeding migration was faster and of shorter duration than postbreeding migration. Birds moving over longer distances migrated faster during prebreeding migration, and those breeding at northernmost latitudes left their wintering areas earlier. Moreover, birds making longer migrations departed earlier from their breeding sites. Breeding site fidelity was very high, whereas fidelity to wintering areas increased with age. Migration routes were significantly consistent, both among repeated migration episodes and between pre- and postbreeding migration. Prebreeding migration departure date was not significantly repeatable, whereas arrival date to the breeding areas was highly repeatable. Hence, interindividual variation in migratory behavior of woodcocks was mostly explained by the location of the breeding areas, and spatial consistency was relatively large through the entire annual cycle. Flexibility in prebreeding migration departure date may suggest that environmental effects have a larger influence on temporal than on spatial aspects of migratory behavior