NEW PYRIDINE-3-SULFONATO TIN (IV), ANTIMONY (III) AND (V) HALO ADDUCTS AND COMPLEXES: SYNTHESIS AND INFRARED STUDY

Six new tin (IV), antimony (III) and antimony (V) adducts and complexes have been synthesized. Discrete structures were suggested on the basis of infrared data. Within the structures, the anion behaves as a bidentate, monochelating and monodentate, monodentate and tri O-chelating ligand. The environments around metallic centres are octahedral. Considering preamble of extra hydrogen bonds in compounds containing water molecules and/or OH groups, supramolecular architectures may be given rise

NEW PYRIDINE-3-SULFONATO TIN (IV), ANTIMONY (III) AND (V) HALO ADDUCTS AND COMPLEXES: SYNTHESIS AND INFRARED STUDY

Six new tin (IV), antimony (III) and antimony (V) adducts and complexes have been synthesized. Discrete structures were suggested on the basis of infrared data. Within the structures, the anion behaves as a bidentate, monochelating and monodentate, monodentate and tri O-chelating ligand. The environments around metallic centres are octahedral. Considering preamble of extra hydrogen bonds in compounds containing water molecules and/or OH groups, supramolecular architectures may be given rise

Détermination du débit de filtration glomérulaire au cours de la drépanocytose au Sénégal: Schwartz, Cockcroft et Gault, MDRD, CKD-EPI ou JSCCS ?

La détermination du Débit de Filtration Glomérulaire (DFG) est importante chez les drépanocytaires du fait qu’ils constituent un groupe de patients chez lesquels des atteintes rénales sont fréquemment décrites notamment l’hyperfiltration glomérulaire. Dès lors, à une époque où les calculateurs en ligne proposent simultanément différentes formules de détermination du DFG, il serait important d’évaluer au sein d’une population noire africaine drépanocytaire l’équivalence entre ces formules qui ont été développées et validées sur des populations caucasiennes et afro-américaines à DFG normal ou diminué. Ainsi cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer l’interchangeabilité des différentes formules de détermination du DFG en les appliquant à des drépanocytaires. Des enfants et adultes sénégalais drépanocytaires homozygotes ont été alors recrutés et leur DFG calculé. La fréquence de l’hyperfiltration glomérulaire et celle de l’insuffisance rénale ont été calculées à partir des résultats obtenus avec les formules de Schwartz et du CKD-EPI. La concordance des différentes formules a été évaluée avec la méthode Bland-Altman. Au total 56 adultes et 62 enfants ont été inclus dans l’étude. L’insuffisance rénale a été notée chez 1,78% des adultes et 9,68% des enfants ; l’hyperfiltration glomérulaire chez 66,10% des adultes et 25,8% des enfants. Par rapport aux formules de référence (CKD-EPI, Schwartz), tous les biais relevés étaient significativement différents de zéro à l’exception de celui de Cockcroftet Gault qui était statistiquement nul. Les limites de concordance étaient toutes inacceptablement larges par rapport aux limites attendues à l’exception de celles du CKD-EPI sans ajustement sur la race. Ainsi, la formule de Schwartz n’était pas interchangeable avec celle du JSCCS chez les enfants, tout comme celle du CKD-EPI ne l’était pas non plus avec celles du JSCCS, de Cockcroft, du MDRD ou du CKD-EPI sans ajustement sur la race chez les adultes drépanocytaires.   English title: Determination of glomerular filtration rate in sickle cell disease in Senegal: Schwartz, Cockcroft and Gault, MDRD, CKD-EPI or JSCCS? Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is important in patients living with sickle cell disease (SCD) because they constitute a group of patients where kidney dysfunction is frequently described, in particular glomerular hyperfiltration. Therefore, at a time when online calculators simultaneously propose different formulas to estimate GFR, it would be important to evaluate in a black African population living with SCD the equivalence between these formulas which have been developed and validated on Caucasian and African American populations with normal or decreased GFR. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate interchangeability of different GFR formulas in a group of patients living with SCD. Homozygous Senegalese sickle cell children and adults were then recruited and their GFR computed using Schwartz and JSCCS in children, Cockcroft and Gault, CKD-EPI with and without adjustment for ethnicity, MDRD and JSCCS formulas in adults. The frequency of glomerular hyperfiltration and renal failure was computed based on the results generated using Schwartz and CKD-EPI formulas. The agreement between formulas was assessed with BlandAltman method. A total of 56 adults and 62 children were included in this study. Renal failure was observed in 1.78% of adults and 9.68% of children; glomerular hyperfiltration in 66.10% of adults and 25.8% of children. Compared with reference formulas (CKD-EPI, Schwartz), all biases found were significantly different from zero except for Cockcroft and Gault formula bias, which was statistically zero. The limits of agreement were all unacceptably wide compared with the expected limits with the exception of CKD-EPI without adjustment for ethnicity. Thus, Schwartz formula would not be interchangeable with JSCCS formula in children, nor was the CKD-EPI formula interchangeable with the JSCCS, Cockcroft and Gault, MDRD or CKD-EPI without adjustment for ethnicity formulas in adults living with sickle cell anemia

L'infection non-pathogène SIVagm chez le singe vert d'afrique (étude de la réplication et de la dissémination virale)

CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Religion and Protective Behaviours towards AIDS in Rural Senegal

Objectives - To describe the association between religion and factors related to sexually transmitted diseases (STD)/AIDS in a country where religious leaders were involved early in prevention. Design - A cross-sectional study conducted in a rural area in central Senegal. Methods - Questionnaire-based interviews of a random sample of 858 adults from the general population aged 15–59 years and in-depth interviews of four religious leaders and 50 people. Results - Seventy-six per cent of the respondents were Muslim, 24% Catholic, 1% Animist and 0.2% Protestant. A total of 86% of men and 87% of women reported religion to be very important to them. Important prevention-related variables were inversely associated with the importance of religion. Men who considered religion to be very important were less likely to cite AIDS as a major health problem [odds ratio (OR) 0.4, P = 0.008] and were less likely to feel at risk of getting HIV (OR 0.5, P = 0.0005). Women who considered religion to be very important were less likely to report an intention to change to protect themselves from AIDS (OR 0.2, P = 0.0001), less likely to report having discussed AIDS with others (OR 0.4, P = 0.01) and much more likely to feel at risk of getting HIV (OR 9.3, P = 10−4). Individuals who considered religion to be very important were not more likely to report intending to or actually having become faithful to protect themselves from AIDS. Conclusion - These findings stress the need to intensify the involvement of religious authorities in HIV/STD prevention at the local level

Religion and protective behaviours towards AIDS in rural Senegal

Objectives - To describe the association between religion and factors related to sexually transmitted diseases (STD)/AIDS in a country where religious leaders were involved early in prevention. Design - A cross-sectional study conducted in a rural area in central Senegal. Methods - Questionnaire-based interviews of a random sample of 858 adults from the general population aged 15–59 years and in-depth interviews of four religious leaders and 50 people. Results - Seventy-six per cent of the respondents were Muslim, 24% Catholic, 1% Animist and 0.2% Protestant. A total of 86% of men and 87% of women reported religion to be very important to them. Important prevention-related variables were inversely associated with the importance of religion. Men who considered religion to be very important were less likely to cite AIDS as a major health problem [odds ratio (OR) 0.4, P = 0.008] and were less likely to feel at risk of getting HIV (OR 0.5, P = 0.0005). Women who considered religion to be very important were less likely to report an intention to change to protect themselves from AIDS (OR 0.2, P = 0.0001), less likely to report having discussed AIDS with others (OR 0.4, P = 0.01) and much more likely to feel at risk of getting HIV (OR 9.3, P = 10−4). Individuals who considered religion to be very important were not more likely to report intending to or actually having become faithful to protect themselves from AIDS. Conclusion - These findings stress the need to intensify the involvement of religious authorities in HIV/STD prevention at the local level

Treponemal Infection Rates, Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcome in a Rural Area of Senegal

A rural population of east Senegal has been under demographic surveillance for more than 30 years and a high rate of infertility has been reported. The aim of the study is to describe HIV and treponemal infection epidemiology and association with outcome of pregnancy in a population of rural Senegal. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 952 randomly-selected adults of a rural community of Senegal. No participant was found to be infected with HIV, 11% had evidence of past syphilis and 5% of active syphilis. Active syphilis was associated among men with age, long-term mobility and having partners in an urban area in the last 12 months and among women with being divorced or widowed. No association was found between past or active syphilis and abortion or stillbirth but women aged 40 and more with past or active syphilis were significantly more likely to have had no history of gestation than women with no evidence of syphilis infection. In conclusion our results call for more research to understand the epidemiology of treponemal infection and to elucidate types of Treponema pallidum involved

Difficultés de la prise en charge d’une thrombose veineuse cérébrale (TVC) compliquée d’hémorragie sous arachnoïdienne (HSA) chez le nourrisson: à propos d’un cas

La TVC est rare en général et particulièrement chez l’enfant. La survenue d’une HSA dans ce contexte est une situation très peu fréquente et seuls quelques cas sont rapportés dans la littérature. Sa symptomatologie est variable et souvent trompeuse. Non traitée ou en cas de traitement tardif l’issue peut être fatale ou conduire à des séquelles potentiellement graves. Nous rapportons l’observation d’un nourrisson de 22 mois reçu pour des convulsions avec coma stade II, syndrome d’hypertension intracrânienne et syndrome infectieux. Une septicémie à Pseudomonas spp a était retrouvée à la biologie et le scanner cérébral a permis de poser le diagnostic. Le traitement a été basé sur l’antibiothérapie mais surtout l’anticoagulation. Une nette amélioration clinique a été ainsi notée et le scanner cérébral de contrôle montrait une disparition de la thrombose avec images hémorragiques séquellaires droites. La TVC est une pathologie grave d’origine généralement infectieuse. Le traitement anticoagulant est aujourd’hui sujet à controverse notamment en cas d’hémorragie associée, mais l’expérience clinique serait en faveur de l’efficacité et de l’innocuité de ce traitement.Mots clés: Thrombose veineuse cérébrale, scanner, anticoagulant, enfantEnglish Title: Difficulties in the management of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in infants: about a caseEnglish AbstractCVT is generally rare, particularly among infants. The occurrence of a SAH associated with CVT is very uncommon and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Symptoms are variable and often misleading. Outcome can be lethal or it can cause potentially severe sequelae if it is not treated or treated late. We report the case of a 22-month old infant examined for convulsions with Stage II coma, intracranial hypertension syndrome and infectious syndrome. Laboratory tests showed pseudomonas spp sepsis and cerebral CT scan allowed the diagnosis. Treatment was based on antibiotic therapy but mainly on anticoagulation therapy. The patient had a significant clinical improvement and follow-up cerebral CT scan showed disappearance of thrombosis with sequellar right hemoragic images. CVT is a severe disease, usually of infectious origin. Anticoagulant therapy is controversial, in particular in patients with associated hemorrhage, but clinical experience supports the effectiveness and safety of this treatment.Keywords: Cerebral venous thrombosis, CT scan, anticoagulant, infan