Processos hidroerosivos e alterações físicas no solo em trilha degradada como indicadores de pertubação dos sistemas ambientais em bioma de Mata Atlântica no município de Ubatuba-SP

O processo de formação de trilha representa uma perturbação nos sistemas ambientais, pois está relacionado com a retirada de vegetação e pode estar associado com cortes de encostas, alterando a morfologia natural do relevo. Como reação a essa perturbação, os processos erosivos se tornam mais intensos e acelerados, uma vez que o solo se encontra exposto e as trilhas podem se tornar caminhos preferenciais para o escoamento da água. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar o processo de degradação de uma trilha abandonada por meio do escoamento superficial em uma estação experimental de erosão de solo, relacionando com dados de chuva e hidrológicos de potenciais matriciais da água no solo. A trilha está situada na bacia do rio Maranduba, no litoral sul de Ubatuba/SP, e se apresenta dergradada, pois é constituída por solo sem cobertura vegetal, com o horizonte B exposto e elevadas taxas de perda de solo e água

Understanding the clinical spectrum of complicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: a systematic review on the contributions of the Brazilian literature

The resurgence of the malaria eradication agenda and the increasing number of severe manifestation reports has contributed to a renewed interested in the Plasmodium vivax infection. It is the most geographically widespread parasite causing human malaria, with around 2.85 billion people living under risk of infection. The Brazilian Amazon region reports more than 50% of the malaria cases in Latin America and since 1990 there is a marked predominance of this species, responsible for 85% of cases in 2009. However, only a few complicated cases of P. vivax have been reported from this region. A systematic review of the Brazilian indexed and non-indexed literature on complicated cases of vivax malaria was performed including published articles, masters' dissertations, doctoral theses and national congresses' abstracts. The following information was retrieved: patient characteristics (demographic, presence of co-morbidities and, whenever possible, associated genetic disorders); description of each major clinical manifestation. As a result, 27 articles, 28 abstracts from scientific events' annals and 13 theses/dissertations were found, only after 1987. Most of the reported information was described in small case series and case reports of patients from all the Amazonian states, and also in travellers from Brazilian non-endemic areas. The more relevant clinical complications were anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, jaundice and acute respiratory distress syndrome, present in all age groups, in addition to other more rare clinical pictures. Complications in pregnant women were also reported. Acute and chronic co-morbidities were frequent, however death was occasional. Clinical atypical cases of malaria are more frequent than published in the indexed literature, probably due to a publication bias. In the Brazilian Amazon (considered to be a low to moderate intensity area of transmission), clinical data are in accordance with the recent findings of severity described in diverse P. vivax endemic areas (especially anaemia in Southeast Asia), however in this region both children and adults are affected. Finally, gaps of knowledge and areas for future research are opportunely pointed out