A Literature Review of Different Criterias for Selecting and Cementing a post: a review

The primary function of a corono-radicular post is to provide retention for a core, which replaces lost coronal tooth structure and retains the final restoration without compromising the apical seal of the endodontic filling. Therefore, it is important to select a post system that provides maximum retention, yet removes as little as possible of the remaining subgingival tooth structure. Several new esthetic dowel systems are available for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth, but little is known about how effectively these dowels seal the restored teeth. These post and core restorations are subjected to repeated tension, compression and torquing forces. Most forces clinically manifest themselves as tensile forces or shear stress on the post-cement-dentin interfaces. Recently, various endodontic dowel systems have been made available for restoring endodontic treated or mutilated teeth, making the choice difficult for the practitioner. In light of this, the current paper provides an insight into the various post and core systems available, the criteria and methods for their selection and cementation

Establishing a diagnostic tool for assessing optimal treatment timing in Indian children with developing malocclusions

Objective: To interrelate chronological age, cervical vertebrae maturational stage and dental calcification stages and to establish latter as first level diagnostic tool to estimate timing of pubertal growth spurt. Materials and Methods: Sample derived from pretreatment panaromic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients 8-14 years old. Study sample divided into three groups depending upon Angle’s molar relation: Group I, Group II, Group III. According to chronological age, into: Group A: 8-11 years Group B:11-14 years, further separating males and female subjects in each group. Demirjian et al method was used to assess dental maturity and for skeletal maturity the New Improved Version of Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Method by Baccetti, Franchi and Mc Namara. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software package. Chi Square test and Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients measured the association between skeletal maturity indicators and dental calcification stages and statistical significance tested. Results&Conclusions: In females, permanent mandibular second molar Stage E signified circumpubertal phase corresponding with skeletal age CVMS II and for males, it was permanent mandibular first premolar stage E. Early orthodontic interventions for Angle’s Class I and Class II malocclusions should be performed at the circumpubertal period represented by CVMS II in Indian children and for Angle’s Class III malocclusion, facemask therapy beneficial in the prepubertal phase. Females showed higher significant correlation among skeletal and dental calcification stages compared to males

Design and Assembly of an Inexpensive Cleanroom for CubeSat Teams

As space missions become more accessible to student teams through the spread of the CubeSat standard, there is an obvious desire for inexpensive clean spaces for satellite assembly. However, commercially available cleanrooms are costly and may not fit in limited spaces. We present our results and processes from the design, construction and testing of a low-cost cleanroom made of materials readily available at hardware stores. Our cleanroom was designed to meet ISO 8 or better standards, based on results from previous work by other groups (Johnstone et al., 2007)1 and requirements for our CubeSat missions. Overall, $2,733.51 CAD was invested into the materials for the cleanroom. The cost was reasonable for the budget of a typical university student group developing critical CubeSat infrastructure. Particle count testing was conducted using a PurpleAir PA-II air quality sensor for continuous monitoring of the cleanroom performance. Particle counts recorded over three months suggest that the cleanroom can meet ISO 8 requirements and further operate under ISO 7 cleanroom conditions2 most of the time. Particle counts occasionally spiked above the ISO 7 threshold for periods of up to three hours

Role of Terlipressin and Albumin for Hepatorenal Syndrome in Liver Transplantation

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162755/2/lt25834.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162755/1/lt25834_am.pd

Customer experience management in retailing: Understanding the buying process

Abstract Retailers recognize that greater understanding of customers can enhance customer satisfaction and retail performance. This article seeks to enrich this understanding by providing an overview of existing consumer behavior literature and suggesting that specific elements of consumer behavior-goals, schema, information processing, memory, involvement, attitudes, affective processing, atmospherics, and consumer attributions and choices-play important roles during various stages of the consumer decision process. The authors suggest ways in which retailers can leverage this understanding of consumer behavior. Each of these conceptual areas also offers avenues for further research. © 2008 New York University. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Consumer behavior; Postpurchase; Goals; Information search; Retail environment; Attribution theory; Attitudes; Affect and mood; Involvement; Attitudes; Decision process The importance of understanding consumer behavior has never been more important to retailers. Whereas consumer research once was a task left to manufacturers of consumer packaged goods, retailers have embraced this responsibility, spending millions of dollars to research, understand, and influence consumer behavior. As we outline, academic research confirms the importance of such practices and we summarize the results of those efforts. Further, this paper develops an ongoing consumer research agenda that provides the authors' views as to the most important consumer issues worthy of retailers' attention. As theoretical work in consumer behavior becomes more refined, retailing must keep pace and remain vigilant in the pur- * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 617 373 4812

Safety and efficacy of ipilimumab to treat advanced melanoma in the setting of liver transplantation

Ipilimumab is a first-in-class immunological checkpoint blockade agent and monoclonal antibody against Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) that has demonstrated survival benefit and durable responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. To date, solid organ transplant recipients have been excluded from clinical trials with cancer immunotherapies on the basis of their concurrent treatment with immunosuppressive agents. We present the first case to our knowledge of a patient with advanced cutaneous melanoma receiving ipilimumab status post orthotopic liver transplantation with a partial response. Transaminitis was observed 4 months after administration of ipilimumab that resolved with close observation. No evidence of graft rejection has been observed to date. This case advocates for further investigation of the safety and efficacy of cancer immunotherapies in solid organ transplant recipients

Suppression of Methylation-Mediated Transcriptional Gene Silencing by βC1-SAHH Protein Interaction during Geminivirus-Betasatellite Infection

DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression and represses endogenous transposons and invading DNA viruses. As a counter-defense, the geminiviruses encode proteins that inhibit methylation and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Some geminiviruses have acquired a betasatellite called DNA β. This study presents evidence that suppression of methylation-mediated TGS by the sole betasatellite-encoded protein, βC1, is crucial to the association of Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) with its betasatellite (TYLCCNB). We show that TYLCCNB complements Beet curly top virus (BCTV) L2- mutants deficient for methylation inhibition and TGS suppression, and that cytosine methylation levels in BCTV and TYLCCNV genomes, as well as the host genome, are substantially reduced by TYLCCNB or βC1 expression. We also demonstrate that while TYLCCNB or βC1 expression can reverse TGS, TYLCCNV by itself is ineffective. Thus its AC2/AL2 protein, known to have suppression activity in other geminiviruses, is likely a natural mutant in this respect. A yeast two-hybrid screen of candidate proteins, followed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis, revealed that βC1 interacts with S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), a methyl cycle enzyme required for TGS. We further demonstrate that βC1 protein inhibits SAHH activity in vitro. That βC1 and other geminivirus proteins target the methyl cycle suggests that limiting its product, S-adenosyl methionine, may be a common viral strategy for methylation interference. We propose that inhibition of methylation and TGS by βC1 stabilizes geminivirus/betasatellite complexes

Features and Outcomes of 899 Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury: The DILIN Prospective Study

The drug-induced liver injury network (DILIN) is conducting a prospective study of patients with DILI in the United States. We present characteristics and subgroup analyses from the first 1257 patients enrolled in the study

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Care of the Cirrhotic Patient

Timely surveillance for varices and hepatocellular carcinoma, prophylaxis against spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) improve survival in patients awaiting transplantation. Early diagnosis of minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy can delay life threatening complications, reduce need for hospitalization, and potentially improve survival pending liver transplantation