87 research outputs found

    Nomear seu universo: Por quĂȘ? Como? Alguns exemplos entre as sociedades amazĂŽnicas

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    TRADUÇÃO: JOANA CABRAL DE OLIVEIRAREVISÃO TÉCNICA: LUÍSA VALENTINI E NICODÈME DE RENESS

    Les jardins-vergers familiaux d'Amazonie centrale : un exemple d'utilisation de l'espace

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    Analyse structurale, floristique, sanitaire et socio-culturelle de trois vergers polyspĂ©cifiques d'Amazonie centrale brĂ©silienne (environs de Manaus). L'installation de vergers destinĂ©s Ă  la consommation familiale et Ă©ventuellement Ă  la vente est une pratique courante dans cette rĂ©gion, elle succĂšde Ă  la culture du manioc sur brĂ»lis. Dans la plaine alluviale, de tels vergers peuvent ĂȘtre une reconversion de systĂšmes arborĂ©s antĂ©rieurs. Les espĂšces utilisĂ©es sont d'origines diverses, les amazoniennes Ă©tant prĂ©dominantes : 40 sur un total de 60 espĂšces recensĂ©es. Longtemps ignorĂ©e, l'arboriculture amazonienne, amĂ©nagement relevant de l'agroforesterie, devrait ĂȘtre, en raison de ses caractĂ©ristiques et dans les conditions actuelles, encouragĂ©e. (RĂ©sumĂ© d'auteur

    Introduction régionale

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    L'essentiel des forĂȘts tropicales humides d'AmĂ©rique du Sud se situent dans une vaste unitĂ© gĂ©ographique — la Grande Amazonie, couvrant les bassins de l'Amazone, de l'OrĂ©noque et du drainage atlantique des trois Guyanes. Au total 9 pays se partagent cette rĂ©gion s'Ă©talant sur plus de 8.800.000 km2, oĂč vivent environ 30 millions de personnes. Aujourd'hui, seulement 2,3 % de la population amazonienne (soit 700.000 individus) peuvent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©s comme Ă©tant amĂ©rindiens, c'est-Ă -dire descenda..

    Botany, Genetics and Ethnobotany: A Crossed Investigation on the Elusive Tapir's Diet in French Guiana

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    While the populations of large herbivores are being depleted in many tropical rainforests, the importance of their trophic role in the ecological functioning and biodiversity of these ecosystems is still not well evaluated. This is due to the outstanding plant diversity that they feed upon and the inherent difficulties involved in observing their elusive behaviour. Classically, the diet of elusive tropical herbivores is studied through the observation of browsing signs and macroscopic analysis of faeces or stomach contents. In this study, we illustrate that the original coupling of classic methods with genetic and ethnobotanical approaches yields information both about the diet diversity, the foraging modalities and the potential impact on vegetation of the largest terrestrial mammal of Amazonia, the lowland tapir. The study was conducted in the Guianan shield, where the ecology of tapirs has been less investigated. We identified 92 new species, 51 new genera and 13 new families of plants eaten by tapirs. We discuss the relative contribution of our different approaches, notably the contribution of genetic barcoding, used for the first time to investigate the diet of a large tropical mammal, and how local traditional ecological knowledge is accredited and valuable for research on the ecology of elusive animals
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