Automated implementation of rule-based expert systems with neural networks for time-critical applications

In fault diagnosis, control and real-time monitoring, both timing and accuracy are critical for operators or machines to reach proper solutions or appropriate actions. Expert systems are becoming more popular in the manufacturing community for dealing with such problems. In recent years, neural networks have revived and their applications have spread to many areas of science and engineering. A method of using neural networks to implement rule-based expert systems for time-critical applications is discussed here. This method can convert a given rule-based system into a neural network with fixed weights and thresholds. The rules governing the translation are presented along with some examples. We also present the results of automated machine implementation of such networks from the given rule-base. This significantly simplifies the translation process to neural network expert systems from conventional rule-based systems. Results comparing the performance of the proposed approach based on neural networks vs. the classical approach are given. The possibility of very large scale integration (VLSI) realization of such neural network expert systems is also discussed

Open Source Spatial Database for Mobile Devices

This paper presents a system for the management of spatial databases for mobile devices. The wireless internet and mobile computing are the two quickly developed technologies with more and more mobile based services go through the personal and business life. So Spatial data on mobile devices has received a munificent improvement, due to rising the use of PDAs and cellular phones. The technological potential of Mobile Spatial Interaction (MSI), Mobile Human-Computer Interaction requires a conception of visualization possibilities for spatially referenced content and application programs make devices to able to move themselves between different hosts on the network

COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal and Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources

When hospitals face surges of patients with COVID-19, fair allocation of scarce medical resources remains a challenge. Scarcity has at times encompassed not only hospital and intensive care unit beds—often reflecting staffing shortages—but also therapies and intensive treatments. Safe, highly effective COVID-19 vaccines have been free and widely available since mid-2021, yet many Americans remain unvaccinated by choice. Should their decision to forgo vaccination be considered when allocating scarce resources? Some have suggested it should,while others disagree. We offer a framework for evaluating when it is ethical and briefly discuss its legality in American law

Inclusive inelastic scattering of heavy ions and nuclear correlations

Calculations of inclusive inelastic scattering distributions for heavy ion collisions are considered within the high energy optical model. Using ground state sum rules, the inclusive projectile and complete projectile-target inelastic angular distributions are treated in both independent particle and correlated nuclear models. Comparisons between the models introduced are made for alpha particles colliding with He-4, C-12, and O-16 targets and protons colliding with O-16. Results indicate that correlations contribute significantly, at small momentum transfers, to the inelastic sum. Correlation effects are hidden, however, when total scattering distributions are considered because of the dominance of elastic scattering at small momentum transfers

Effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine on postoperative pain and sympathoadrenal response following laproscopic cholecystectomy

Background: Pain after laproscopic surgeries is highest in the upper abdomen. Pain is greatest after operation and decreases within 24 hours. Due to adverse effects of opoids, multimodal analgesia with smaller doses of opoids, local anaesthatics and NSAIDS is given. The aim of postoperative pain relief is to provide subjective comfort and to blunt the autonomic and somatic responces to pain to inhance restore normal function.so that patient can go home early.Methods: 30 Patients each of study group (bupivacine) and control group (normal saline) of class 1 and class 2 of American society of anaesthiology of either sex were taken. 20cc of bupivacine or normal saline sprayed in gall blader fossa. Vital parameter visual analog scale score and blood sugar was noted.Results: The two groups were comparable regarding age, sex and body mass index. VAS score was significantly reduced in study group. Mean blood sugar showed no significant difference in two groups.Conclusions: Intraperitonial instillation of bupivacine is safe and reduces pain in early postoperative period

Measurement and modeling of pulsatile flow in microchannel

An experimental study of pulsatile flow in microchannel is reported in this paper. Such a study is important because time-varying flows are frequently encountered in microdevices. The hydraulic diameter of the microchannel is 144 μm and deionized water is the working fluid. The pressure drop across the microchannel as a function of time is recorded, from which the average and r.m.s. pressure drops are obtained. The experiments have been performed in the quasi-steady flow regime for a wide range of flow rate, frequency of pulsations, and duty cycle. The results suggest that the pressure with pulsations lies between the minimum and maximum steady state pressure values. The average pressure drop with pulsation is approximately linear with respect to the flow rate. The theoretical expression for pressure has also been derived wherever possible and the experimental data is found to lie below the corresponding theoretical values. The difference with respect to the theoretical value increases with an increase in frequency and a decrease in flow rate, with a maximum difference of 32.7%. This is attributed to the small size of the microchannel. An increase in frequency of square waveform leads to a larger reduction in pressure drop as compared to rectangular waveform, irrespective of the duty cycle. The results can be interpreted with the help of a first-order model proposed here; the model results are found to compare well against the experimental results. A correlation for friction factor in terms of the other non-dimensional governing parameters is also proposed. Experimental study of mass-driven pulsatile flow in microchannel is being conducted for the first time at these scales and the results are of both fundamental and practical importance

Eikonal solutions to optical model coupled-channel equations

Methods of solution are presented for the Eikonal form of the nucleus-nucleus coupled-channel scattering amplitudes. Analytic solutions are obtained for the second-order optical potential for elastic scattering. A numerical comparison is made between the first and second order optical model solutions for elastic and inelastic scattering of H-1 and He-4 on C-12. The effects of bound-state excitations on total and reaction cross sections are also estimated