Entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pupae.

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a polyphagous insect of difficult control and maize is an important host crop of this insect. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are control agents of soil pests. This study aimed to verify the action of EPNs for the control of H. armigera pupae. Laboratory and greenhouse bioassays were conducted to select the concentration of nematode application and subsequently field test were conducted. It was obtained that Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 at the concentration of 400 infective juveniles (IJs) ·pupa-1 caused the highest mortality in a lower concentration, whereas for H. amazonensis JPM4, concentrations of both 200 and 400 IJs ·pupa-1 were similar causing pupae mortality. In the greenhouse, H. amazonensis MC01 caused mortality reached values of 80% after 10 days, at concentrations of 600 and 800 IJs ·pupa-1. The highest mortality caused by Steinernema carpocapsae was observed at eight days after the juvenile application, at a concentration of 600 IJs ·pupa-1, also reaching 80% mortality. In the field test, both forms of application were considered appropriate for H. amazonensis MC01, causing mortality rates of up to 80%

Seletividade fisiológica de inseticidas a Vespidae predadores de Ascia monuste orseis Insecticide physiological selectivity to Vespidae predators of Ascia monuste orseis

Este trabalho objetivou estudar a seletividade dos inseticidas carbaril, deltametrina, paratiom metílico, permetrina e triclorfom em relação a Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) e a seus predadores Brachygastra lecheguana Latreille e Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Por meio de curvas de concentração-mortalidade e das concentrações letais para 90% da população (CL90), calcularam-se os índices de seletividade diferencial (ISD90), de toxicidade relativa, e de tolerância relativa (ITRe90). O paratiom metílico e triclorfom apresentaram seletividade em favor de B. lecheguana (ISD90 = 2,83 e 1,75) e P. sylveirae (ISD90 = 2,95 e 3,59) em relação a A. monuste orseis. Deltametrina e permetrina apresentaram seletividade em favor de P. sylveirae (ISD90 = 1,98 e 2,70) em relação a A. monuste orseis, mas não apresentaram seletividade em favor de B. lecheguana (ISD90 = 0,21 e 0,64). B. lecheguana foi menos tolerante a deltametrina, permetrina e triclorfom do que P. sylveirae (ITRe90 = 9,36, 4,23 e 2,05), e mais tolerante ao carbaril (ITRe90 = 0,14). Os predadores apresentaram tolerância semelhante ao paratiom metílico (ITRe90 = 1,04). As curvas de concentração-mortalidade do carbaril, permetrina e triclorfom em ambos os predadores, de deltametrina em B. lecheguana, e de paratiom metílico em P. sylveirae, apresentaram maiores inclinações do que as curvas em A. monuste orseis.<br>This work aimed to study the selectivity of the insecticides carbaryl, deltamethrin, methyl parathion, permethrin and trichlorfon in relation to Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and to their predators Brachygastra lecheguana Latreille and Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Based on concentration-response curves and lethal concentrations for 90% of the population (LC90), the differential selectivity index (DSI90), relative toxicity index and relative tolerance index (ReTI90) were calculated. Methyl parathion and trichlorfon were selective to B. lecheguana (DSI90 = 2.83 and 1.75) and P. sylveirae (DSI90 = 2.95 and 3.59) against A. monuste orseis. Deltamethrin and permethrin were selective to P. sylveirae (DSI90 = 1.98 and 2.70) against A. monuste orseis, but weren't selective to B. lecheguana (DSI90 = 0.21 and 0.64). B. lecheguana was less tolerant to deltamethrin, permethrin and trichlorfon than P. sylveirae (ReTI90 = 9.36, 4.23 and 2.05), but the opposite was observed to carbaryl (ReTI90 = 0.14). These two predators showed similar tolerance to methyl parathion (ReTI90 = 1.04). Concentration-response curves of carbaryl, permethrin and trichlorfon to both predators, deltamethrin to B. lecheguana, and methyl parathion to P. sylveirae, showed greater slopes than these curves to A. monuste orseis