Excess Body Weight and Gait Influence Energy Cost of Walking in Older Adults

Purpose: To study how excess body weight influences the energy cost of walking (Cw) and determine if overweight and obese older adults self-select stride frequency to minimize Cw. Methods: Using body mass index (BMI) men and women between the ages of 65–80 yr were separated into normal weight (NW, BMI ≤ 24.9 kg m−2, n = 13) and overweight-obese groups (OWOB, BMI ≥25.0 kg m−2, n = 13). Subjects walked at 0.83 m s−1 on an instrumented treadmill that recorded gait parameters, and completed three, six-minute walking trials; at preferred stride frequency (PSF), at +10% PSF, and at −10% PSF. Cw was determined by indirect calorimetry. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare groups, and associations were tested with Pearson correlations, α = 0.05. Results: OWOB had 62% greater absolute Cw (301 ± 108 vs. 186 ± 104 J m−1, P \u3c 0.001) and 20% greater relative Cwkg (3.48 ± 0.95 vs. 2.91 ± 0.94 J kg−1 m−1, P = 0.046) than NW. Although PSF was not different between OWOB and NW (P = 0.626), Cw was 8% greater in OWOB at +10% PSF (P \u3c 0.001). At PSF OWOB spent less time in single-limb support (33.1 ± 1.5 vs. 34.9 ± 1.6 %GC, P = 0.021) and more time in double-limb support (17.5 ± 1.6 vs. 15.4 ± 1.4 %GC, P = 0.026) than NW. In OWOB, at PSF, Cw was correlated to impulse (r = −0.57, P = 0.027) and stride frequency (r = 0.51, P = 0.046). Conclusions: Excess body weight is associated with greater Cw in older adults, possibly contributing to reduced mobility in overweight and obese older persons

Enhancement of prompt photons in ultrarelativistic proton-proton collisions from nonlinear gluon evolution at small-xx

In this paper we estimate the influence of nonlinear gluon evolution in the production of prompt photons at the LHC pp collider. We assume the validity of collinear factorization and consider the EHKQS parton distributions, which are solutions of the GLR-MQ evolution equations and describe quite well the DESY $ep$ HERA data, as input in our calculations. We find that both single and double photon production are enhanced for low-$p_T$ photons and central rapidities, while this effect is absent for the high-$p_T$ photons. The implications of this effect for the Quark-Gluon Plasma searches and for the QCD background to Higgs are also discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Version to be published in Physical Review

INFORMED CONSENT OF WOMEN ATTENDED BY STUDENTS OF MEDICINE PERFORMING GYNECOLOGICAL EXAMINATION IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINIC OF FUNDAÇÃO SANTA CASA DE MISERICÓRDIA DO PARÁ

Introdução: As aulas práticas são fundamentais para a formação médica. Entretanto, matérias como Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, o exame físico é profundamente íntimo, lidando com áreas do corpo humano, na qual imperam preconceitos e tabus. Objetivo: Avaliar o sentimento das mulheres atendidas por graduandos de medicina em um hospital de ensino de referência no estado do Pará. Método: O estudo foi realizado nos meses de março a abril de 2013, com uma casuística de 110 mulheres atendidas por graduandos de medicina em ambulatório de ginecologia e obstetrícia de um hospital de ensino. Resultados: A maioria das mulheres deste estudo obtiveram esclarecimentos acerca do exame ginecológico a ser executado (79%) e alegam que foi solicitado consentimento para realização do exame (58%), que ocorreu sem dor ou desconforto (55%), sendo que a 66% dos graduandos prosseguiu na realização do exame na presença da dor ou desconforto. Após a realização do mesmo 41% das mulheres referiu sentir vergonha e as que não receberam esclarecimento revelaram que se sentiriam melhor (48%) ou indiferente (48%) caso recebessem. 62% referiram não ser solicitada a participação do graduando durante exame, porem sua conduta foi considerada adequada (64%), sendo o ambiente serio durante a realização do exame (65%). 55% das mulheres referem ter conhecimento do caráter acadêmico do hospital de ensino. Conclusão: A maioria das mulheres obteve esclarecimento acerca do exame ginecológico, principalmente pelo médico preceptor, alegam que foi requerido consentimento para realização do exame, e não foi questionada a participação do graduando durante o mesmo

Salvage Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer for a Failed Achilles Repair: Endoscopic Technique

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer is a well-established treatment option in failed Achilles tendon (AT) repair and has been routinely performed as an open procedure. We detail the surgical steps needed to perform an arthroscopic transfer of the FHL for a chronic AT rupture. The FHL tendon is harvested as it enters in its tunnel beneath the sustentaculum tali; a tunnel is then drilled in the calcaneus as near to the AT footprint as possible. By use of a suture-passing device, the free end of the FHL is advanced to the plantar aspect of the foot. After adequate tension is applied to the construct, the tendon is fixed in place with an interference screw in an inside-out fashion. This minimally invasive approach is a safe and valid alternative to classic open procedures with the obvious advantages of preserving the soft-tissue envelope and using a biologically intact tendon

Manejo do nitrogênio para o arroz Irrigado: doses e parcelamento da adubação em cobertura.

bitstream/item/30961/1/Circular-86.pd

Transport on weighted Networks: when correlations are independent of degree

Most real-world networks are weighted graphs with the weight of the edges reflecting the relative importance of the connections. In this work, we study non degree dependent correlations between edge weights, generalizing thus the correlations beyond the degree dependent case. We propose a simple method to introduce weight-weight correlations in topologically uncorrelated graphs. This allows us to test different measures to discriminate between the different correlation types and to quantify their intensity. We also discuss here the effect of weight correlations on the transport properties of the networks, showing that positive correlations dramatically improve transport. Finally, we give two examples of real-world networks (social and transport graphs) in which weight-weight correlations are present.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure