A large, single pulmonary arteriovenous fistula presenting hours after birth

This article reports a case of a single, large pulmonary artery to left atrial fistula presenting within hours of birth. Symptomatic fistulas of this type are exceptionally rare in the neonatal period. The images of the fistula obtained during echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation is included. This case highlights the importance of intra-operative echocardigraphic guidance during surgical ligation of fistulas of this type.peer-reviewe

Lyman alpha line shapes from electron impact H2 dissociative processes in the Jovian auroral zone

Over the past two years several Lyman alpha line profile spectra of Jupiter were obtained using the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) telescope. Several different regions of the planet were observed including the auroral zone, the low and mid latitudes, and the equatorial region which includes the Lyman alpha bulge region. These results have presented a very interesting picture of atomic hydrogen on Jupiter with explanations that range from ion outflow in the auroral zone to large thermospheric winds at low and mid latitudes. New data are needed to address the outstanding questions. Almost certainly, high resolution spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope will play a role in new observations. Better data also require better models, and better models require new laboratory data as inputs. The purpose of this program is two-fold: (1) to introduce a method by which new laboratory electron impact measurements of H2 dissociation can be used to calculate both the slow and fast H(S-2) and H(P-2) fragments in an H2 atmosphere; and (2) to determine the predicted Lyman alpha line shape that would result from electron impact production of these dissociative fragments in the Jovian auroral zone

Specific heat evidence for two-gap superconductivity in ternary-iron silicide Lu2_{2}Fe3_{3}Si5_{5}

We report low-temperature specific heat studies on single-crystalline ternary-iron silicide superconductor Lu$_{2}$Fe$_{3}$Si$_{5}$ with$T_c$ = 6.1 K down to $\sim T_c/20$. We confirm a reduced normalized jump in specific heat at $T_c$, and find that the specific heat divided by temperature $C/T$ shows sudden drop at $\sim T_c/5$ and goes to zero with further decreasing temperature. These results indicate the presence of two distinct superconducting gaps in Lu$_{2}$Fe$_{3}$Si$_{5}$, similar to a typical two-gap superconductor MgB$_{2}$. We also report Hall coefficients, band structure calculation, and the anisotropy of upper critical fields for Lu$_{2}$Fe$_{3}$Si$_{5}$, which support the anisotropic multiband nature and reinforce the existence of two superconducting gaps in Lu$_{2}$Fe$_{3}$Si$_{5}$.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Methods of social assessment in Marine Protected Area planning: Is public participation enough?

Addressing social and economic considerations is crucial to the success of Marine Protected Area (MPA) planning and management. Ineffective social assessment can alienate local communities and undermine the success of existing and future MPAs. It is rare to critique the success of methods used currently to incorporate social and economic considerations into MPA planning. Three Australian MPA planning processes covering three states and incorporating federal and state jurisdictions are reviewed in order to determine how potential social impacts were assessed and considered. These case studies indicate that Social Impact Assessment (SIA) is under-developed in Australian MPA planning. Assessments rely heavily on public participation and economic modelling as surrogates for dedicated SIA and are followed commonly by attitudinal surveys to gauge public opinion on the MPA after its establishment. The emergence of issues around public perception of the value of MPAs indicates the failure of some of these proposals to adequately consider social factors in planning and management. This perception may have potential implications for the long term success of individual MPAs. It may also compromise Australia's ability to meet international commitments for MPA targets to gazette at least 10% of all its marine habitats as MPAs. Indeed, this is demonstrated in two of the three case studies where social and economic arguments against MPAs have been used to delay or block the future expansion of the MPA network. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd

Beliefs about whether spending implies wealth

Spending is influenced by many factors. One that has received little attention is the meaning that people give to the act of spending. Spending money might imply that someone is relatively wealthy—since they have money to spend—or relatively poor—since spending can deplete assets. We show that people differ in the extent to which they believe that spending implies wealth (SIW beliefs). We develop a scale to measure these beliefs and find that people who more strongly believe that SIW spend their own money relatively lavishly and are, on average, more financially vulnerable. We find correlational evidence for these relationships using objective financial-transaction data, including over 2 million transaction records from the bank accounts of over 2,000 users of a money management app, as well as self-reported financial well-being. We also find experimental evidence by manipulating SIW beliefs and observing causal effects on spending intentions. These results show how underlying beliefs about the link between spending and wealth play a role in consumption decisions, and point to beliefs about the meaning of spending as a fruitful direction for further research

Processes of equatorial thermal structure at Jupiter: An analysis of the Galileo temperature profile with a three‐dimensional model

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94956/1/jgre1925.pd

Chandra Observation of an X-ray Flare at Saturn: Evidence for Direct Solar Control on Saturn's Disk X-ray Emissions

Saturn was observed by Chandra ACIS-S on 20 and 26-27 January 2004 for one full Saturn rotation (10.7 hr) at each epoch. We report here the first observation of an X-ray flare from Saturn's non-auroral (low-latitude) disk, which is seen in direct response to an M6-class flare emanating from a sunspot that was clearly visible from both Saturn and Earth. Saturn's disk X-ray emissions are found to be variable on time scales of hours to weeks to months, and correlated with solar F10.7 cm flux. Unlike Jupiter, X-rays from Saturn's polar (auroral) region have characteristics similar to those from its disk. This report, combined with earlier studies, establishes that disk X-ray emissions of the giant planets Saturn and Jupiter are directly regulated by processes happening on the Sun. We suggest that these emissions could be monitored to study X-ray flaring from solar active regions when they are on the far side and not visible to Near-Earth space weather satellites.Comment: Total 12 pages including 4 figure