36 research outputs found
A Genomic BSAseq Approach for the Characterization of QTLs Underlying Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum in Eggplant
Coding SNPs analysis highlights genetic relationships and evolution pattern in eggplant complexes
[EN] Brinjal (Solanum melongena), scarlet (S. aethiopicum) and gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants are three Old World domesticates. The genomic DNA of a collection of accessions belonging to the three cultivated species, along with a representation of various wild relatives, was characterized for the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a genotype-by-sequencing approach. A total of 210 million useful reads were produced and were successfully aligned to the reference eggplant genome sequence. Out of the 75,399 polymorphic sites identified among the 76 entries in study, 12,859 were associated with coding sequence. A genetic relationships analysis, supported by the output of the FastSTRUCTURE software, identified four major sub-groups as present in the germplasm panel. The first of these clustered S. aethiopicum with its wild ancestor S. anguivi; the second, S. melongena, its wild progenitor S. insanum, and its relatives S. incanum, S. lichtensteinii and S. linneanum; the third, S. macrocarpon and its wild ancestor S. dasyphyllum; and the fourth, the New World species S. sisymbriifolium, S. torvum and S. elaeagnifolium. By applying a hierarchical FastSTRUCTURE analysis on partitioned data, it was also possible to resolve the ambiguous membership of the accessions of S. campylacanthum, S. violaceum, S. lidii, S. vespertilio and S. tomentsum, as well as to genetically differentiate the three species of New World Origin. A principal coordinates analysis performed both on the entire germplasm panel and also separately on the entries belonging to sub-groups revealed a clear separation among species, although not between each of the domesticates and their respective wild ancestors. There was no clear differentiation between either distinct cultivar groups or different geographical provenance. Adopting various approaches to analyze SNP variation provided support for interpretation of results. The genotyping-by-sequencing approach showed to be highly efficient for both quantifying genetic diversity and establishing genetic relationships among and within cultivated eggplants and their wild relatives. The relevance of these results to the evolution of eggplants, as well as to their genetic improvement, is discussed.This work has been funded in part by European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 677379 (G2P-SOL project: Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops) and by Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant AGL2015-64755-R from MINECO/FEDER). Funding has also been received from the initiative "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives", which is supported by the Government of Norway. This last project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information see the project website:http://www.cwrdiversity.org/. Pietro Gramazio is grateful to Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for a pre-doctoral (Programa FPI de la UPV-Subprograma 1/2013 call) contract. Mariola Plazas is grateful to Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for a post-doctoral grant within the Santiago Grisolia Programme (FCJI-2015-24835). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Acquadro, A.; Barchi, L.; Gramazio, P.; Portis, E.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Comino, C.; Plazas Ávila, MDLO.... (2017). Coding SNPs analysis highlights genetic relationships and evolution pattern in eggplant complexes. PLoS ONE. 12(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180774Se018077412
Identification of a stable major-effect QTL (Parth 2.1) controlling parthenocarpy in cucumber and associated candidate gene analysis via whole genome re-sequencing
Differenze tra tessuti del frutto di una solanacea affine a melanzana a differenti tempi di maturazione attraverso misure di dinamica molecolare NMR
Genetic engineering of parthenocarpic plants.
Transgenic tobacco and eggplants expressing the coding region of the iaaM gene from Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi, under the control of the regulatory sequences of the ovule-specific DefH9 gene from Antirrhinum majus, showed parthenocarpic fruit development. Expression of the DefH9-iaaM chimeric transgene occurs during flower development in both tobacco and eggplant. Seedless fruits were produced by emasculated flowers. When pollinated, the parthenocarpic plants produced fruits containing seeds. In eggplant, the genetic manipulation allowed fruit set and growth under environmental conditions prohibitive for fruit setting in the untransformed line, which did not set fruit at all. Under normal environmental conditions, production of marketable fruits took place from pollinated and unpollinated transgenic flowers, while flowers of untransformed control plants did produce fruits of marketable size only from fertilized flowers
Studies on the introduction of the maize Activator and Dissociation elements in transgenic chicory.
Introgression of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melongenae into cultivated eggplant and characterization of linked molecular markers for development of a markers assisted selection system
Development of RAPD-AFLP map of eggplant and improvement of tolerance to Verticillium wilt
Verticillium wilt is one of the most serious diseases in eggplant and one of the main goals of eggplant breeding is the achievement of Verticillium wilt tolerant hybrids. Solanum sodomeum L. has shown a mechanism of partial resistance against Verticillium wilt. Interspecific hybrids were obtained by using an accession of S. sodomeum from Sicily and the eggplant variety Buia. The results of the screenings for eggplant genotypes tolerant/resistant to Verticillium wilt by using backcrosses are reported. In a naturally infected field, from 1998 to 2001, the resistance to V dahliae of backcrossed progenies was increased by about 60%. The interspecific hybrids were both selfed and backcrossed using different types of eggplant. An integrated linkage map of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has been obtained by using 48 plants of an F-2 population. Starting from a genetic RAPDs map with similar to 100 markers mapped on 13 linkage groups, 4 AFLPs primer combinations were screened in order to improve the genetic map with the aim to achieve markers linked to Verticillium tolerance. Mendelian segregation of loci was verified by chi-square tests of the expected 3:1 and 1:1 ratios. Marker order was determined and all the data were combined to construct the most likely map. The integrated analysis of markers resulted in the construction of a map consisting of 273 loci and 12/13 linkage groups spanning 736 cM in a total. Linkage between different AFLP markers and the tolerance to Verticillium is discussed
Segregation distortion and linkage analysis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
An anther-derived doubled haploid (DH) and an F2 mapping population were developed from an intraspecific hybrid between the eggplant breeding lines ‘305E40’ and ‘67/3’. The former incorporates an introgressed segment from S. aethiopicum gr. gilo carrying the Rfo-sa1 gene which confers resistance to Fusarium oxysporum; the latter is a selection from an intraspecific cross involving two conventional eggplant varieties and lacks Rfo-sa1.
Initially, 28 AFLP primer combination (PCs) were applied to a sample of 93 F2 individuals and 93 DH individuals, from which 170 polymorphic AFLP fragments were identified. In the DH population, the segregation of 117 of these AFLPs, as well as that of markers closely linked to Rfo-sa1 were substantially distorted, while in the F2 population, segregation distortion was restricted to just ten markers, thus the latter was chosen for map development.
A set of 141 F2 individuals was genotyped with 73 AFLP PCs (generating 406 informative markers), 32 SSRs, four tomato RFLPs and three CAPS markers linked to Rfo-sa1. This resulted in the assigning of 348 markers to 12 major linkage groups. The framework map covered 718.7 cM, comprising 238 markers (212 AFLPs, 22 SSRs, one RFLP and the Rfo-sa1 CAPS).
Marker order and inter-marker distances in this eggplant map were largely consistent with those reported in a recently published SSR-based map. From an eggplant breeding perspective, DH populations produced by anther culture appear to be subject to massive segregation distortion, and thus may not be very efficient in capturing the full range of genetic variation present in the parental lines