23 research outputs found

    Boron and calcium sprayed on 'Fuyu' persimmon tree prevent skin cracks, groove and browning of fruit during cold storage Boro e cálcio pulverizado em árvores de caqui "Fuyu" previnem fissuras, estrias e escurecimento do fruto durante o armazenamento refrigerado

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    Flesh softening, skin browning and rotting are chief problems during cold storage (CS) of 'Fuyu' Persimmon. We studied the effects of boron (B) and calcium (Ca) sprayed on the trees during three consecutive years, on the development of skin cracks, grooves and browning in persimmon fruit under CS in Farroupilha, RS, Brazil (29&deg;31' south, 51&deg;21' west, about 750 m altitude). A homogeneous orchard area of 0.5 ha was delimitated and three sets of five plants for each treatment were randomly selected. The persimmon trees were sprayed at a 20 day interval, from 15th January until harvest, for three consecutive years, with: T1) water; T2) calcium nitrate at 0.5% (m/v); T3) calcium chloride at 0.5% (m/v); and T4) boron at 0.3% (m/v). The fruit were harvest with orange-reddish colour; 18-20&deg;Brix, pulp firmness of 45 to 60N, and kept under CS at 0&plusmn;1&deg;C for 45 days. The fruits were evaluated immediately before CS, after six hours at 23&plusmn;2&deg;C after removal from CS, and after four days at 23&plusmn;2&deg;C after removal from CS. Equally boron and calcium sprayed on the trees prevented skin cracks, skin grooves and skin browning. Besides, when boron was sprayed on the trees, the mentioned effects were additive in the following year.<br>As principais alterações indesejáveis observadas no período pós-colheita de caquis em armazenamento refrigerado (AR) são a perda de firmeza de polpa, e a ocorrência de escurecimento epidérmico e de podridões. Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal estudar as respostas da aplicação de boro (B) e cálcio (Ca), em três safras sucessivas, na prevenção da ocorrência de fissuras, estrias e escurecimento epidérmico de caquis "Fuyu". No pomar (Farroupilha-RS-Brasil, 29&deg;31' Sul, 51&deg;21' Oeste, aproximadamente 750m altitude) delimitou-se uma área homogênea de 0,5ha., marcando-se, ao acaso, três repetições de cinco plantas para cada tratamento: T1 - controle, caquizeiros não-pulverizados com B e Ca; T2 - pulverizações com Nitrato de Ca 0,5% (m/v); T3 - pulverizações com Cloreto de Ca 0,5% (m/v); e T4 - pulverizações com B 0,3% (m/v). As aplicações foram realizadas em três anos sucessivos a partir de 15 de janeiro a intervalos de 20 dias. Foram colhidos os caquis na coloração alaranjado-avermelhada, com 18-20&deg;Brix e 45 a 60N, que posteriormente foram armazenados em AR a 0&plusmn;1&deg;C por 45 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas no dia do armazenamento, após seis horas a 23&plusmn;2&deg;C a partir da retirada AR, e após quatro dias a 23&plusmn;2&deg;C a partir da retirada do AR. Foi avaliada a ocorrência de frutas com fissuras, estrias e escurecimento epidérmico. Comprovou-se o efeito benéfico da aplicação de B ou Ca na prevenção de fissuras, estrias e escurecimento epidérmico. Adicionalmente, foi detectado o incremento da resposta à aplicação de B, que, além de prevenir (à semelhança das aplicações com Ca), apresentou efeito aditivo no segundo ano. O resultado sugere que as respostas às aplicações com B são progressivas

    Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on ripening of 'Douradão' peach related to pectolytic enzymes activities and chilling injury symptoms

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    The present study evaluated the effects of modified atmosphere packaging on inhibition of the development of chilling injury symptoms in 'Douradão' peach after cold storage and the possible involvement of cell wall enzymes. Fruits were harvested at the middle stadium of ripening, packed in polypropylene trays and placed inside low density polyethylene (LDPE) bags (30, 50, 60 and 75 µm of thickness) with active modified atmosphere (10 kPa CO2 + 1.5 kPa O2, balance N2). The following treatments were tested: Control: peaches held in nonwrapped trays; MA30: LDPE film - 30 µm; MA50: LDPE film - 50 µm; MA60: LDPE film - 60 µm and MA75: LDPE film - 75 µm. Fruits were kept at 1±1ºC and 90±5% relative humidity (RH) for 28 days. After 14, 21 and 28 days, samples were withdrawn from MAP and kept in air at 25±1ºC and 90±5% RH for ripening. On the day of removal and after 4 days, peaches were evaluated for woolliness incidence, pectolytic enzymes activities. The respiratory rate and ethylene synthesis were monitored during 6 days of ripening. The results showed that MA50 and MA60 treatments had positive effect on the inhibition of the development of woolly texture and reduced pectin methylesterase activity on the ripe fruits, keeping good quality of 'Douradão' peach during 28 days of cold storage. The treatments Control, MA30 and MA75 showed higher woolliness incidence and did not present marketable conditions after 14 days of cold storage

    Tratamento térmico para controle da lanosidade em pêssegos 'Dourado-2' refrigerados Heat treatment to alleviation of woolliness of cold stored 'Dourado-2' peach

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de tratamentos térmicos na incidência de lanosidade em pêssegos 'Dourado-2' armazenados a 0ºC e na fisiologia e bioquímica dos frutos. Foram realizados condicionamentos térmicos antes da refrigeração, por meio da exposição dos frutos a 50ºC por 2 horas ou a 20ºC por 48 horas e do aquecimento intermitente durante o armazenamento refrigerado; os frutos foram submetidos a 25ºC durante 24 horas, a cada cinco dias de armazenamento a 0ºC, ou durante 48 horas, a cada dez dias de armazenamento a 0ºC. Frutos continuamente armazenados a 0ºC serviram de controle. Após 30 dias de armazenamento mais três dias de comercialização simulada, foram determinados os efeitos dos tratamentos sobre a incidência de lanosidade, podridões, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez, teor de ácido ascórbico, coloração, firmeza da polpa, taxa respiratória, produção de etileno, atividade das enzimas poligalacturonase e pectinametilesterase. O aquecimento intermitente com ciclos de cinco ou dez dias e o condicionamento a 20ºC durante 48 horas foram mais eficazes para reduzir a incidência de lanosidade, mas acelerou a perda de firmeza dos frutos. A produção de etileno foi maior nos frutos submetidos a aquecimento intermitente. Os tratamentos térmicos provocaram poucas alterações no teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez, ácido ascórbico, coloração e incidência de podridões.<br>The work was carried out with the objective to verify the effect of heat treatments on the incidence of woolliness in 'Dourado-2' peaches stored at 0ºC. Heat treatments were applied as conditioning temperature (50ºC during 2 hours or 20ºC during 48 hours) before cold storage. In intermittent warming, fruit treatments were warmed each five days at 25ºC during 24 hours or each ten days during 48 hours. Control fruit were continuously stored at 0ºC. The variables evaluated after 30 days at 0ºC (plus three days at room temperature) were: incidence of woolliness and decay, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, ascorbic acid, skin color, firmness, respiratory rate, ethylene production and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinmethylesterase (PME). The intermittent warming with cycles of five or ten days and the conditioning temperature at 20ºC during 48 hours before cold storage was the most effective treatment to reduce incidence of woolliness. However, heat treatment hastened fruit softening. Ethylene production was higher in fruits intermittently warmed and this can be related to the higher activity of PG and PME and consequently to alleviation of woolliness of the fruit. Heat treatment caused little variations on SSC, acidity, ascorbic acid and skin color
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