22 research outputs found

    Production of photons in a bouncing universe

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    Using a new non-singular solution,it is shown that the production of photons in dilaton electrodynamics in a cosmological setting is increased if the effect of matter creation on the geometry is taken into account. This increment may be related to the problem of the origin of magnetic fields in the universe.Comment: 7pages, 4 figure

    Chilling requirements and dormancy evolution in grapevine buds.

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    Fluctuations in winter chilling availability impact bud dormancy and budburst. The objective of this work was to determine chilling requirements to induce and overcome endodormancy (dormancy controlled by chilling) of buds in different grape cultivars. "Chardonnay", "Merlot" and "Cabernet Sauvignon" shoots were collected in VeranĂłpolis-RS vineyards in 2010, and submitted to a constant 3 °C temperature or daily cycles of 3/15 °C for 12/12h or 18/6h, until reaching 1120 chilling hours (CH, sum of hours with temperature ≤ 7.2 °C). Periodically, part of the samples in each treatment was transferred to 25 °C for budburst evaluation (green tip). Chilling requirements to induce and overcome endodormancy vary among cultivars, reaching a total of 136 CH for "Chardonnay", 298 CH for "Merlot" and 392 CH for "Cabernet Sauvignon". Of these, approximately 39, 53 and 91 CH are required for induction of endodormancy in the three cultivars, respectively. The thermal regimes tested (constant or alternating) do not influence the response pattern of each cultivar to cold, with 15 °C being inert in the CH accumulation process. In addition, time required to start budburst reduces with the increase in CH, at a rate of one day per 62 CH, without significant impacts on budburst uniformity. Index terms: Chilling hours; endodormancy; budburst; Vitis vinifera

    Application de la modélisation en santé des espÚces aquacoles

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    National audiencePrevention is essential in order to fight against disease propagation and their consequences, in particular because curative methods are less efficient in the open and marine environment. Modelling as a predictive tool is in this case particularly accurate. A bibliographic review of published models in aquatic health was made for the European project DIPNET. Quantitative risk assessment is made for some diseases of salmonids of north European countries, in order to protect transfers, to make risk-based surveillance, and to prevent from emerging diseases. Dynamic models have begun to be used for risk management, for salmonids and shellflsh (USA) but are depending on their complexity, data- and time-consuming. Dynamic models are, however, necessary for evaluating the effects of measures predictively, with a complex system of causality. Classical rigorous epidemiologic studies are not numerous in aquatic health, however they are of particular interest for risk management of health problems. For aquatic animal health, there are few models that take into account spatial analysis, economic or ecologic consequences. This is surprising because of the strong well-known interactions between the host and environment in aquatic systems, and because of the interest for the risk manager. Modelling work needs multidisciplinary skills, which are sometimes difficult to share for aquatic productions.La lutte contre la propagation des maladies infectieuses et les consĂ©quences de celles-ci de maniĂšre prĂ©ventive est particuliĂšrement importante en santĂ© des espĂšces aquacoles, du fait des difficultĂ©s d’éradication des maladies une fois qu’elles sont introduites, notamment en milieu marin. Par consĂ©quent, la modĂ©lisation en tant qu’outil prĂ©dictif est particuliĂšrement justifiĂ©e. Une revue bibliographique a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e dans le cadre du projet europĂ©en DIPNET en vue de dresser l’inventaire des modĂšles utilisĂ©s dans le domaine de la santĂ© des espĂšces aquacoles. L’apprĂ©ciation quantitative des risques commence Ă  se dĂ©velopper pour certaines maladies des salmonidĂ©s d’Europe du nord, visant Ă  garantir les transferts, aider les programmes, surveiller et prĂ©venir l’apparition de maladies Ă©mergentes. Les modĂšles dynamiques de maladies commencent Ă  ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s pour la gestion du risque, pour les salmonidĂ©s et pour les coquillages (USA) mais sont, suivant leur complexitĂ©, coĂ»teux en donnĂ©es et en temps d’élaboration. Les modĂšles dynamiques sont indispensables cependant, quand on veut tester prĂ©dictivement l’effet de telle ou telle mesure, dans un systĂšme complexe de causalitĂ©. Les Ă©tudes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques rigoureuses sont rares en santĂ© des espĂšces aquacoles, malgrĂ© leurs intĂ©rĂȘts dĂ©montrĂ©s dans le domaine de la santĂ©. Les modĂšles dĂ©crivant le phĂ©nomĂšne d’un point de vue spatial, les consĂ©quences Ă©cologiques et Ă©conomiques sont Ă©galement rares en santĂ© des espĂšces aquacoles. Ceci est paradoxal compte tenu des fortes interactions entre l’hĂŽte et son environnement dans le milieu aquatique, et compte tenu de l’intĂ©rĂȘt pour le gestionnaire de risque. Ces approches nĂ©cessitent cependant un travail impliquant des compĂ©tences multidisciplinaires, qu’il n’est pas forcĂ©ment facile de rĂ©unir pour les productions aquacoles
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