L’« élu » et le « kipanda cha Muzungu » (« morceau de Blanc »)

Les débuts de l’immigration européenne au Congo belge, initiés par des individus appartenant aux classes populaires et à la petite bourgeoisie, se situent dès les premières décennies du XXe siècle. Poussés par l’appât du gain et par l’esprit d’aventure, Belges, Italiens, Grecs, Portugais, mais aussi Anglais, Américains, Allemands, sont attirés par les possibilités de travail offertes dans la région minière du Katanga. Le Kivu, région de grandes plantations, devint le terrain privilégié d’une forme d’immigration élitaire. Le rôle des Européens au Congo est étroitement lié aux spécificités structurelles du colonialisme belge, expression d’un pouvoir dominateur articulé sur le rapport État/grandes sociétés/missions, s’opposant à l’intensification du phénomène migratoire et donc à la mobilité sociale. La condition de marginalité assignée aux communautés européennes leur confère un rôle spécifique dans la société coloniale. Le retard de l’historiographie a laissé cet aspect inexploré pendant longtemps.European immigration to the Belgian Congo can be traced back to the first decades of the Twentieth century, when members of the petty bourgeoisie and of the working classes began to move there urged by their desire for monetary gains and adventure. The numerous opportunities to work in the Katanga mining region attracted many Belgians, Italians, Greeks, Portuguese, and also English, Americans and Germans. A smaller number of migrants belonging to the more affluent classes settled in the Kivu region, where plantations abounded. The structural workings and characteristics of Belgian colonialism deeply affected European settlement in Congo. The colonial rule was the expression of the dominant power exerted by a State/great companies/mission complex which was against immigration and social mobility. European communities in colonial society lived in a condition of marginality which led them to play a specific role in this society. However, historiography has long ignored the conditions and role of these communities in the colonial period

Violence, memory and myth. Spectacularization of deth in the photography of Isidro Velázquez (Argentina)

Isidro Velázquez es conocido como el último "gaucho rebelde" del nordeste argentino. Murió acribillado por la policía en 1967 en la provincia del Chaco. Su cadáver mutilado y el de su compañero Vicente Gauna fueron exhibidos en público en diversas localidades y reproducidos en fotografías que circularon en medios provinciales y nacionales. Este trabajo analiza la construcción de dispositivos de espectacularización de la muerte y la violencia puestos a funcionar por el Estado. También indaga el modo en que las fotografías del cadáver de Velázquez se sustentan en formas de ver el cuerpo muerto que resultan de representaciones paradigmáticas de la historia del arte occidental y de la cultura visual latinoamericana. Asimismo reflexiona sobre el rol que tuvieron esas imágenes públicas y sus recreaciones fotográficas en el proceso de mitificación y santificación popular de Isidro Velázquez. El análisis es interdisciplinar y recupera herramientas de abordaje de la historia del arte, la historia cultural y los estudios visuales.Isidro Velázquez é conhecido como o último “gaúcho rebelde” do nordeste da Argentina. Ele foi morto a tiros pela polícia em 1967 no estado do Chaco. Seu corpo mutilado e o do seu companheiro Vicente Gauna foram exibidas em público em várias cidades e reproduzidas em fotografias que circularam na mídia estadual e nacional. Este artigo analisa a construção de dispositivos de espetacularização da morte e da violência estabelecido pelo Estado. O texto também explora como fotografias do cadáver de Velázquez são baseadas em formas de ver o corpo morto resultante de representações paradigmáticas da história da arte ocidental e cultura visual da América Latina. Além disso, o trabalho reflete sobre o papel que tinha essas imagens públicas e recreações fotográficas no processo de mitificação e santificação popular de Isidro Velázquez. A análise é interdisciplinar e recupera ferramentas da história da arte, história cultural e estudos visuais.Isidro Velázquez is known as the last “insurgent gaucho” of the northeast of Argentina. In 1967 he was shot by the police in the Chaco province. His mutilated body, andthat of his friend Vicente Gauna, were exhibited in public in several cities and photographs reproduced the bodies, those that circulated around provincial and national media. This paper analyzes the construction of devices of spectacularization of death and violence settled down by the State. It argue the way in which the photographs of Velázquez’s body are based onto ways of seeing death bodies. It comes from certain iconographies firmly setted like paradigmatic representations in the history of universal art and Latin American´s visual culture. This work also make an approach on the role of these public images and its photographic recreations in the process of mythification and popular sanctification of Isidro Velázquez. It is an interdisciplinary analysis with tools of art history, cultural history and visual studies.Fil: Barrios Cristaldo, Cleopatra Katerina del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas; ArgentinaFil: Giordano, Mariana Lilian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas; Argentin

Experimental Evaluation of a SIP-Based Home Gateway with Multiple Wireless Interfaces for Domotics Systems

In modern houses, the presence of sensors and actuators is increasing, whilecommunication servicesandentertainment systemshad long since settled into everyday life. The utilization of wireless communication technologies, such as ZigBee, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, is attractive because of their short installation times and low costs. The research is moving towards the integration of the various home appliances and devices into a single domotics system, able to exploit the cooperation among the diverse subsystems and offer the end-user a single multiservice platform. In this scenario, the paper presents the experimental evaluation of a domotics framework centered on a SIP-based home gateway (SHG). While SIP is used to build a common control plane, the SHG is in charge of translating the user commands from and to the specific domotics languages. The analysis has been devoted to assess both the performance of the SHG software framework and the negative effects produced by the simultaneous interference among the three widespread wireless technologies

Power-Aware Routing and Network Design with Bundled Links: Solutions and Analysis

The paper deeply analyzes a novel network-wide power management problem, called Power-Aware Routing and Network Design with Bundled Links (PARND-BL), which is able to take into account both the relationship between the power consumption and the traffic throughput of the nodes and to power off both the chassis and even the single Physical Interface Card (PIC) composing each link. The solutions of the PARND-BL model have been analyzed by taking into account different aspects associated with the actual applicability in real network scenarios: (i) the time for obtaining the solution, (ii) the deployed network topology and the resulting topology provided by the solution, (iii) the power behavior of the network elements, (iv) the traffic load, (v) the QoS requirement, and (vi) the number of paths to route each traffic demand. Among the most interesting and novel results, our analysis shows that the strategy of minimizing the number of powered-on network elements through the traffic consolidation does not always produce power savings, and the solution of this kind of problems, in some cases, can lead to spliting a single traffic demand into a high number of paths

An Experimental Cross-Layer Approach to Improve the Vertical Handover Procedure in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Users of next generation wireless devices will be likely to move across a heterogeneous network environment. This will give them the possibility to always exploit the best connection to the global Internet. In order to keep a seamless connection, the handover between different access technologies, also known as vertical handover, must be as smooth as possible. The current evolution of network architectures toward an all-IP core favours the use of the Mobile IPv6 protocol to handle such handovers. However, this protocol still presents several drawbacks, mainly related to the assumption of static devices and wired connections. Hence we have designed and implemented a software module that exploits information from the lower layers (e.g. physical) to extend the capabilities of Mobile IPv6 to wireless environments. We have then evaluated both the plain Mobile IPv6 and our proposed implementation over an experimental testbed. The outcome of the assessment proves the effectiveness of our solution and reveals the possibility to perform a seamless vertical handover in heterogeneous wireless networks

Satellite interferometric data for seismic damage assessment

Radar satellites allow the collection of data on large areas without direct access to structures. Thereby, they appear very attractive for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) purposes. Data collected by satellites can be processed to obtain temporal histories of displacements through which the health state of a monitored system can be potentially identified. However, anomalies in the time histories of displacements are not necessarily due to damage. Environmental phenomena, such as variations in atmospheric temperature, and rain, can modify the behavior of structures without compromising their safety. The impact of these phenomena on the structural response can hinder the identification of anomalies or lead to false alarms if such alterations are misinterpreted as damage. Furthermore, if the monitored system is a historical structure, uncertainties on the structural behavior are inevitably increased during aging. The purpose of this article is to discuss the possibility of identifying damage due to seismic actions considering the impact of variations of environmental factors on the time histories of the displacements retrieved by satellite data. The structural health condition of a historical structure located in the city of Rome (Italy) hit by the October 2016 Central Italy earthquakes is investigated based on interferometric satellite data. The satellite data are acquired by COSMO-SkyMed (CSM) of the Italian Space Agency between 2010 and 2019 and are processed by CNR IREA

Modeling RACH Arrivals and Collisions for Human-Type Communication

This letter proposes an analytical model to evaluate the collision probability on the Random-Access CHannel (RACH) in Long-Term Evolution systems as a function of the number of user equipment, the number of available preambles, and the Inter-arrival times of the RACH Requests (IRRs) of the average user. The model for the IRR of the average user is obtained from real traffic data captured at the eNodeB of a mobile operator, and is derived by emulating the radio resource control (RRC) state machine for different RRCs Inactivity timer (RRCIT) settings. The results of this letter suggest that when RRCIT is set to a few seconds, a mixture model is more accurate than the Poisson hypothesis both in modeling the IRR and in estimating the RACH performance

Volatile organic compounds from rhizobacteria increase the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and improve the antioxidant status in mentha Piperita L. Grown under salt stress

Salinity is a major abiotic stress factor that affects crops and has an adverse effect on plant growth. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOC) play a significant role in microorganism plant interactions. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOC) emitted by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant status in Mentha piperita L. grown under 0, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. Seedlings were exposed to mVOCs, avoiding physical contact with the bacteria, and an increase in NaCl levels produced a reduction in essential oil (EO) yield. Nevertheless, these undesirable effects were mitigated in seedlings treated with mVOCs, resulting in an approximately a six-fold increase with respect to plants not exposed to mVOCs, regardless of the severity of the salt stress. The main components of the EOs, menthone, menthol, and pulegone, showed the same tendency. Total phenolic compound (TPC) levels increased in salt-stressed plants but were higher in those exposed to mVOCs than in stressed plants without mVOC exposure. To evaluate the effect of mVOCs on the antioxidant status from salt-stressed plants, the membrane lipid peroxidation was analyzed. Peppermint seedlings cultivated under salt stress and treated with mVOC showed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is considered to be an indicator of lipid peroxidation and membrane damage, and had an increased antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity in relation to plants cultivated under salt stress but not treated with mVOCs. These results are important as they demonstrate the potential of mVOCs to diminish the adverse effects of salt stress.Fil: Cappellari, Lorena del Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; ArgentinaFil: Chiappero, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; ArgentinaFil: Palermo, Tamara Belen. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; ArgentinaFil: Giordano, Walter Fabian. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; ArgentinaFil: Banchio, Erika. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; Argentin

Influence of drought stress and PGPR inoculation on essential oil yield and volatile organic compound emissions in Mentha piperita

Considering that inoculation with beneficial rhizobacteria promotes biomass and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and also the fact that drought stress can increase their production, we determined the effects when both of these situations were combined in EO yield. In addition, the levels of endogenous phytohormones and the gene expression of enzymes related to monoterpenes biosynthesis were measured. The experimental results showed that inoculation with PGPR in stressed plants produced the same effects on trichome density, the EO main components and total yield as in plants only inoculated or with moderate stress alone. In addition, the VOC emissions of inoculated stressed plants did not vary the release amount in relation to uninoculated stressed ones. The results observed have suggested a way of improving aromatic plant productivity, particularly that of peppermint, by managing drought stress through the inoculation of plants with PGPR. This inoculation under moderate drought stress is appropriate when the purpose of the crops is to obtain plants with a high secondary metabolites yield.Fil: Chiappero, Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; ArgentinaFil: Cappellari, Lorena del Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; ArgentinaFil: Palermo, Tamara Belen. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; ArgentinaFil: Giordano, Walter Fabian. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; ArgentinaFil: Banchio, Erika. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Biotecnologia Ambiental y Salud.; Argentin