Evaluation of the organoleptic properties of 'suya' produced from various sources of meat

This research was undertaken to evaluate the potential of different meat sources in producing acceptable suya when compared with the traditional beef soya in Nigeria. Five meat types viz: pork, beef, chicken, rabbit and chevon were used for this experiment. The sensory evaluation was conducted on the soya samples by a 20-man panel of judges using a 9-point bedonic scale to assess the colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability of the samples. The results showed that beef, goat and chicken suya significantly maintained a better acceptance (P<0.01) than the pork suya. There was a significantly (P<0.01) positive response to the flavour of chicken and beef soya than the rest of the other samples. Texture wise, beef and goat suya were significantly (P<0.01) more acceptable than the rest. In overall acceptability, the beef and chicken suya showed no significant difference (P<0.01) from each other and were both rated the best among the samples. It is apparent from the overall results that both goat and chicken could successfully substitute for beef in the production of acceptable soya. The quality characteristics generally showed that both meat samples were comparable to the beef sample.Keywords: 'Suya', organoleptic properties, various meat source

Evaluation of the effect of chemical treatment and soaking on the cooking time of african yam bean seed(Sphenostylis stencarpa)

No Abstract.Bio-ResearchVol. (4)1 2006:10-1

Effect of autoclaving and boiling on some anti-nutritional factors in Mucuna sloanie

The effect of boiling and autoclaving on the levels of some antinutritional factors (trypsin inhibitor, phytate, heamagglutinin, hydrogen cyanide, tannins, stachyose and raffinose) were investigated. The results showed that boiling for 90 min reduced trypsin inhibitor activity by 90.92%; phytate by 70.70%; heamagglutinin 79.02%; hydrogen cyanide 47.58%; tannins, 79.41%; stachyose by 67.80% and raffinose by 70.00%. Autoclaving at 45 min optimally achieved the detoxification of the antinutritional factors as follows; trypsin inhibitor 100%, haemagglutinin 78.45%, phytate 91.04% tannins 70.98%, hydrogen cyanide 16.74% stachyose 84.75% and raffinose 83.30%. The two processing methods, boiling and autoclaving have shown to be very effective in detoxifying the antinutritional factors in Mucuna sloanie. Keywords: autoclaving, boiling, antinutritional factors, Mucuna sloanieNigerian Food Journal Vol. 23 2005: 53-5

Evaluation of the Bacterial Status of Water Samples at Umudike Abia State Nigeria

The bacteriological status of different water samples (borehole, sachet, bottled, stream and rain) from Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria and its environs was evaluated. The total viable count (TVC) for the borehole I (MOUAU) and borehole II (Umuwaya) were 14.7x102 and 15.7x102 cfu/ml respectively, while the sachet water samples, Onuine and De-Lunar had 15.0 x102 and 14.7x102 cfu/ml counts respectively. The bottled water samples Ragolis and Eva on the other hand had 15.7 x102 and 14.07x102 cfu/ml respectively whereas the rainwater sample had 21.7 x102cfu/ml. All the samples passed the total count for aerobic mesophiles according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Standards. However, the stream water samples failed the TVC test having 30.67x102 and 33.70x102 cfu/ml respectively, which were higher than the 1x105 cfu/ml standard of WHO, indicative of their unwholesomeness. The coliform count results indicated that the sachet, bottled, rainwater samples were of acceptable quality having no coliforms at all. The borehole II (Umuwaya) had 2 coliform population, which was within the WHO permissible limit but the stream water samples recorded coliform population of 9, higher than the WHO standard of 3 coliform population per 100 ml, thereby conferring potential hazard on them. The test for the occurrence of bacteria isolates indicated that the borehole II (Umuwaya) sample and both stream water samples had E. coli (33.3%). Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas spp. occurred in all the test samples, while other isolated organisms, with varying percentages of occurrence included Bacillus spp.(77.78%), Proteus spp.(66.67%), Serratia spp.(55.5%) and Vibro spp.(22.2%). The occurrence of the water borne pathogens appeared limited to the stream water samples, hence, continuous consumption without adequate treatment is potentially dangerous. Keywords: Water, rainwater, stream, bacteria, coliforms, pathoge

Effect of processing on the levels of some antinutritional factors in Mucuna utilis

The effect of boiling and autoclaving on the levels of some antinutritional factors (trypsin inhibitor, phytate, haemaglutinin, hydrogen cyanide, tannins, starchyose and raffinose) in Mucuna utilis were investigated. The result indicated that both boiling and autoclaving significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the antinutritional factors in the test sample. Boiling for 90 minutes reduced the trypsin inhibitor by 79%, phytate by 70%, haemaglutinin, hydrogen cyanide and tannin were equally reduced by the process of boiling for 90 minutes by 48%, 88%, and 29% respectively. Starchyose and raffinose were also significantly reduced (70%, 68%) by boiling at same time. Autoclaving for 45 minutes markedly reduced the antinutritional factors as follows, trypsin inhibitor (100%), haemaglutinin (77%), phytate (91%), tannins (86%), hydrogen cyanide (48%), starchyose (85%) and raffinose (84%). Keywords: processing, antinutritional factors, Mucuna utilis Plant Products Research Journal Vol. 8(1) 2004: 1-

Evaluation of hydrochemical characteristics and flow directions of groundwater quality in Udi Local Government Area Enugu State, Nigeria

A hydrogeological study was conducted at the Udi Local Government Area in south-eastern region of Nigeria to examine the hydrochemical constituent of groundwater and determine the quality for drinking and agricultural purposes. Results show that groundwater in the area is slightly acidic to slightly basic, soft and potable, when compared with the World Health Organisation standards for drinking water, and is suitable for agricultural purposes. The groundwater flow direction was determined to establish the implications of pollution from any water contamination. Twenty-one groundwater samples from existing boreholes were collected and analysed for various physicochemical parameters using standard field and laboratory techniques. Distribution of major ions was plotted on a Trilinear Piper diagram. Ajali Sandstone, known as major aquiferous layer in the area, outcrops predominately in sandy bed with medium to coarse-grained sediments. The aquifers are unconfined, semi-confined and with hydraulic conductivity values ranging from 9.0 x 10(-2) to 8.5 x 10(-2) m/day indicating medium transmissivity of groundwater in some areas and a flow net south to northward groundwater flow towards the coast. This explains why the aquifer does not appear to be very permeable and only provides a medium yield of good quality water in some regions of the study area