Erratum to: Contribution of tumor endothelial cells to drug resistance: anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors act as p-glycoprotein antagonists

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Vandetanib versus cabozantinib in medullary thyroid carcinoma:A focus on anti‐angiogenic effects in zebrafish model

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a tumor deriving from the thyroid C cells. Vandetanib (VAN) and cabozantinib (CAB) are two tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting REar-ranged during Transfection (RET) and other kinase receptors and are approved for the treatment of advanced MTC. We aim to compare the in vitro and in vivo anti‐tumor activity of VAN and CAB in MTC. The effects of VAN and CAB on viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis of TT and MZ‐CRC‐1 cells are evaluated in vitro using an MTT assay, DNA flow cytometry with propidium iodide, and An-nexin V‐FITC/propidium iodide staining, respectively. In vivo, the anti‐angiogenic potential of VAN and CAB is evaluated in Tg(fli1a:EGFP)y1 transgenic fluorescent zebrafish embryos by ana-lyzing the effects on the physiological development of the sub‐intestinal vein plexus and the tu-mor‐induced angiogenesis after TT and MZ‐CRC‐1 xenotransplantation. VAN and CAB exert comparable effects on TT and MZ‐CRC‐1 viability inhibition and cell cycle perturbation, and stimulated apoptosis with a prominent effect by VAN in MZ‐CRC‐1 and CAB in TT cells. Regard-ing zebrafish, both drugs inhibit angiogenesis in a dose‐dependent manner, in particular CAB shows a more potent anti‐angiogenic activity than VAN. To conclude, although VAN and CAB show comparable antiproliferative effects in MTC, the anti‐angiogenic activity of CAB appears to be more relevant.</p

An Unusual Histology for a Lung Nodule: A Case Report of Primary Pulmonary Paraganglioma

Introduction: Primary pulmonary paraganglioma is a rare tumor with few cases reported in literature and unspecific clinical presentation.Case Presentation: A 49-year-old woman presented to our department with an incidental finding of a pulmonary mass at chest X-ray and no associated clinical symptom. The CT scan and the FDG-PET showed mild uptake of contrast, but a definitive diagnosis was only possible after surgery through histopathological examination.Conclusion: Paragangliomas originating in the pulmonary tissue are generally non-functioning masses discovered incidentally in otherwise asymptomatic patients. Surgery appears to be the best treatment option, with only radiologic follow-up necessary afterwards

Accumulo elettro-termico mediante sistemi di conversione dell'energia termica marina

Lo studio si propone di analizzare la potenzialità dell'utilizzo di un sistema di accumulo sottoposto a cicli di carica tramite pompa di calore a compressione di vapore e cicli di scarica con Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). La particolarità di questo sistema, già noto in letteratura come PTES (Pumped Thermal Energy Storage), sta nell'utilizzare il gradiente termico oceanico per la parte di produzione di energia elettrica, sfruttando la tecnologia nota come Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). In particolare, è stata condotta un'analisi di sensitività sul rendimento di round trip elettrico del sistema, esplorando configurazioni con diverse tipologie di accumulo (caldo o freddo) e diversi cicli Rankine (con e senza rigenerazione). The purpouse of this thesys is analize the performance of an electro-thermal energy storage. The system is charged by a vapour compression heat pump and discharged by an organic Rankine cycle that works thanks to the natural ocean temperature difference between surface and deep sea water, known as OTEC plant. Particularly, the study is focused on leading a sesitive analysis on the round trip efficiency exploring different storage systems (hot and cold) and different Rankine cycles (with and within regeneration)

Brayton pumped thermal energy storage: Optimal dispatchment in multi-energy districts

Energy storage systems play a crucial role in supporting the integration of renewable energy sources. In this framework, Brayton Pumped Thermal Energy Storage is an emerging technology thanks to many positive features, including geographical and raw materials independence, long lifetime, and peculiar sector-coupling capabilities. By storing electric energy as thermal exergy, this technology offers the flexibility to discharge energy directly for heating or cooling applications or convert it back into electricity as needed by the grid. This dual functionality fits well with the multi-energy intrinsic nature of urban districts in which electrical and thermal energy carriers are involved. This paper aims then to evaluate the potential economic benefit due to the usage of a Brayton based Pumped Thermal Energy Storage as multi-energy device instead of a solely electric-to-electric. An urban district with thermal and electric requirements is used as a case study to investigate the technoeconomic performance of the mentioned storage capacity when coupled to photo-voltaic plants to simulate deep-decarbonization scenarios. The system day-ahead optimization, performed through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming approach, aims to minimize the operational cost computed over a 24-h horizon. The results highlight that operational yearly cost savings are 5-10 % when using the multi-energy storage functionalities compared to the standard electric-to-electric operation. Despite the cost reduction, allowing only direct heating causes unavoidable thermal curtailment losses in the 6-10 % range. However, these losses can be reduced to 3 % by introducing the additional direct cooling functionality, bringing the best performances from the economic and thermodynamic standpoints

Synthesis of Multifunctional PAMAM-Aminoglycoside Conjugates with Enhanced Transfection Efficiency

The development of multifunctional vectors for an efficient and safe gene delivery is one of the major challenges for scientists working on the gene therapy field. In this context, we have designed a novel type of aminoglycoside-rich dendrimers with a defined structure based on polyamidoamine (PAMAM) in order to develop efficient, non-toxic gene delivery vehicles. Three different conjugates, i.e. PAMAM G4-neamine, -paromomycin, and -neomycin, were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and MALDI analysis. The conjugates were found to self-assemble electrostatically with plasmid DNA and, unlike neamine conjugate, each at its optimum showed increased gene delivery potency compared to PAMAM G4 dendrimer in three different cell lines, along with negligible cytotoxicity. These results all disclosed aminoglycosides as suitable functionalities for tailoring safe and efficient multifunctional gene delivery vectors