CO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e and tectonic controls on Antarctic climate and ice-sheet evolution in the mid-Miocene

Antarctic ice sheet and climate evolution during the mid-Miocene has direct relevance for understanding ice sheet (in)stability and the long-term response to elevated atmospheric CO2 in the future. Geologic records reconstruct major fluctuations in the volume and extent of marine and terrestrial ice during the mid-Miocene, revealing a dynamic Antarctic ice-sheet response to past climatic variations. We use an ensemble of climate – ice sheet – vegetation model simulations spanning a range of CO2 concentrations, Transantarctic Mountain uplift scenarios, and glacial/interglacial climatic conditions to identify climate and ice-sheet conditions consistent with Antarctic mid-Miocene terrestrial and marine geological records. We explore climatic variability at both continental and regional scales, focusing specifically on Victoria Land and Wilkes Land Basin regions using a high-resolution nested climate model over these domains. We find that peak warmth during the Miocene Climate Optimum is characterized by a thick terrestrial ice sheet receded from the coastline under high CO2 concentrations. During the Middle Miocene Climate Transition, CO2 episodically dropped below a threshold value for marine-based ice expansion. Comparison of model results with geologic data support ongoing Transantarctic Mountain uplift throughout the mid-Miocene. Modeled ice sheet dynamics over the Wilkes Land Basin were highly sensitive to CO2 concentrations. This work provides a continental-wide context for localized geologic paleoclimate and vegetation records, integrating multiple datasets to reconstruct snapshots of ice sheet and climatic conditions during a pivotal period in Earth\u27s history

The influence of urbanization on farm ownership and practice : some aspects of the effects of London on farms and farm people in Kent and Sussex /

Includes bibliographies

The spectre of standards in Aotearoa New Zealand early childhood education and care.

Please do not cite - this version of the chapter is an uncorrected proof.In this chapter we argue that the New Zealand early childhood curriculum Te Whāriki, and its subsequent mandating in law negates any imposition of standards upon child learning outcomes of New Zealand early childhood education. However, the New Zealand charter school movement, including a 2015 request for proposals for charter schools for the 0-8 years age-range poses a threat to this position. We describe how and why New Zealand ha advocated a standards free approach in early childhood education and we question policy objectives that counteract this stance. Our chapter situates standards in the context of neoliberal education policy and asks what the spectre of standards in the early years might mean for practice going forth.Peer Reviewe

The farm family business/ Gasson

vii, 920 hal.: tab.: ill.; 23 cm

(Re)conceptualising inclusive education in New Zealand: listening to the hidden voices

This article explores the experiences of 14 students with severe and complex behaviour, their caregivers, and teachers/principals as the students transition from a disestablished residential school back to mainstream schools, with support from the Intensive Wraparound Service (IWS). Interviews were the primary source of data collection. Data were collated into 14 cases, and analysed using a general inductive approach. Two broad themes are addressed in the article: education and relationships/communication. The research found that the IWS is not living up to its rhetoric. Suggestions made for improvement are based on approaches that participants found worked for them