UPGRADING DI UN IMPIANTO INDUSTRIALE PER LA PRODUZIONE DI C.D.R. MEDIANTE MIGLIORAMENTO DEL SIATEMA DI AUTOMAZIONE.

UPGRADING IMPIANTISTICO MEDIANTE L'ADOZIONE DI UN SISTEMA DI AUTOMAZIONE SCAD

The Epigenetic Evolution of Glioma Is Determined by the IDH1 Mutation Status and Treatment Regimen

Tumor adaptation or selection is thought to underlie therapy resistance in glioma. To investigate longitudinal epigenetic evolution of gliomas in response to therapeutic pressure, we performed an epigenomic analysis of 132 matched initial and recurrent tumors from patients with IDH-wildtype (IDHwt) and IDH-mutant (IDHmut) glioma. IDHwt gliomas showed a stable epigenome over time with relatively low levels of global methylation. The epigenome of IDHmut gliomas showed initial high levels of genome-wide DNA methylation that was progressively reduced to levels similar to those of IDHwt tumors. Integration of epigenomics, gene expression, and functional genomics identified HOXD13 as a master regulator of IDHmut astrocytoma evolution. Furthermore, relapse of IDHmut tumors was accompanied by histologic progression that was associated with survival, as validated in an independent cohort. Finally, the initial cell composition of the tumor microenvironment varied between IDHwt and IDHmut tumors and changed differentially following treatment, suggesting increased neoangiogenesis and T-cell infiltration upon treatment of IDHmut gliomas. This study provides one of the largest cohorts of paired longitudinal glioma samples with epigenomic, transcriptomic, and genomic profiling and suggests that treatment of IDHmut glioma is associated with epigenomic evolution toward an IDHwt-like phenotype.</p

Affective interpersonal touch in close relationships: a cross-cultural perspective

Interpersonal touch behavior differs across cultures, yet no study to date has systematically tested for cultural variation in affective touch, nor examined the factors that might account for this variability. Here, over 14,000 individuals from 45 countries were asked whether they embraced, stroked, kissed, or hugged their partner, friends, and youngest child during the week preceding the study. We then examined a range of hypothesized individual-level factors (sex, age, parasitic history, conservatism, religiosity, and preferred interpersonal distance) and cultural-level factors (regional temperature, parasite stress, regional conservatism, collectivism, and religiosity) in predicting these affective-touching behaviors. Our results indicate that affective touch was most prevalent in relationships with partners and children, and its diversity was relatively higher in warmer, less conservative, and religious countries, and among younger, female, and liberal people. This research allows for a broad and integrated view of the bases of cross-cultural variability in affective touch

Hybrid Composite-Polypropylene Sandwich-based Design for the Fuselage Panel in Commercial Aircraft to Increase the Passive Safety of Passengers

The passive safety in aircraft concerns all measures able to protect the passengers and crew in the event of an accident or emergency. In this context, an important role is played by the design adopted for components inside the passengers' cabin, such as the seats and the interior lining. An effective approach in design of passive safety system is provided by Anthropomorphic Test Devices. In this work, a new design of the interior lining of the fuselage wall has been introduced and its crashworthiness features have been studied through a side impact of an unbelted window-side passenger. The new proposed interior lining is made with a hybrid sandwich-based design with a polypropylene honeycomb core able to ensure passive safety for passengers and thermal and acoustic insulation

On The Propagation Of Fatigue Damage In An Aerospace Hybrid Shock Absorber Designed For Additive Manufacturing

Passenger safety is a major concern in the transportation industry, including aerospace. In this regard, the design of innovative systems for the energy absorption during impact phenomena plays a key role in the aerospace structures research field. This paper deals with the damage behaviour of an innovative shock absorber designed according to the Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) rules. Indeed, the latter exhibits high mechanical properties while maintaining a low weight due to the combination of an innovative recyclable polypropylene core, produced by means of additive manufacturing technologies, with a carbon fibre reinforced composite material coating. In the frame of this paper, the innovative concept of additively manufactured shock absorber is integrated in the fuselage frame of a commercial aircraft as safety system for the passengers in the case of side impact. Specifically, numerical simulation of the interlaminar damage propagation of the shock absorber as a result of a side human impact is studied. The shock absorber, with a pre-existing impact delamination between the composite skin and the polypropylene structure, is subjected to cyclic operating loads to verify that the designed shock absorber falls within the damage-tolerant design scope, demonstrating to withstand the cyclic operational loads experienced by the aircraft still after an impact event

Metal Replacement in UAV Vertical Tails using Additive Manufacturing

The use of additive manufacturing techniques in the development of aerospace components is gaining ground. These innovative methodologies facilitate the proposal of new design for components with weight reduced features without compromising their mechanical properties. This results in lower fuel consumption and emissions. The present paper focuses on a metal replacement process in a UAV's vertical tail, using a Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) strategy and making use of the lightweight, high-strength engineering polymer known as Carbon PA. By comparing the results achieved through numerical simulations conforming to certification standards between the metal and Carbon PA vertical tail model, this work points out the possibility of decreasing the structural mass of the component by up to 48% while maintaining structural integrity. This reduction is achieved by matching materials, design concepts and manufacturing capabilitie

On the Crashworthiness Behaviour of Innovative Sandwich Shock Absorbers

Increasing the impact resistance properties of any transport vehicle is a real engineering challenge. This challenge is addressed in this paper by proposing a high-performing structural solution. Hence, the performance, in terms of improvement of the energy absorbing characteristics and the reduction of the peak accelerations, of highly efficient shock absorbers integrated in key locations of a minibus chassis have been assessed by means of numerical crash simulations. The high efficiency of the proposed damping system has been achieved by improving the current design and manufacturing process of the state-of-the-art shock absorbers. Indeed, the proposed passive safety system is composed of additive manufactured, hybrid polymer/composite (Polypropylene/Composite Fibres Reinforced Polymers&mdash;PP/CFRP) shock absorbers. The resulting hybrid component combines the high stiffness-to-mass and strength-to-mass ratios characteristic of the composites with the capability of the PP to dissipate energy by plastic deformation. Moreover, thanks to the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique, low-mass and low-volume highly-efficient shock-absorbing sandwich structures can be designed and manufactured. The use of high-efficiency additively manufactured sandwich shock absorbers has been demonstrated as an effective way to improve the passive safety of passengers, achieving a reduction in the peak of the reaction force and energy absorbed in the safety cage of the chassis&rsquo; structure, respectively, up to up to 30 kN and 25%

A new FE Modelling approach to Simulate the Inter-Layer Adherence in Hybrid Sandwich Structures achievable by Additive Manufacturing

This paper introduces a new approach for FE modelling of sandwich structures achievable with filament-based additive processes, able to improve the prediction of their mechanical response when subjected to four-point bending and compressive tests. This method, based on the Cohesive Zone Model, simulates the presence of a cohesive-type contact, usually employed to predict delamination in laminated composites, between specific critical layers of the structure, such as the interface zone between core and face sheets. The validation of the proposed numerical approach was conducted by taking as reference a literature composite sandwich structure, with a Designed for Additive Manufacturing honeycomb core. This framework was reproduced in the Abaqus environment and, according to the standards of the reference paper, compression and bending tests were carried out. By comparing the results achieved with those reported in the reference paper, it can be seen that they are in good agreement with the experimental test data