Gas fluidized bed polymerization.

Edição dos autores

Implementation of Real-Time Quality Control Procedures by Means of a Probabilistic Estimate of Seawater Temperature and Its Temporal Evolution

Abstract Near-real-time quality control procedures for temperature profiles collected from ships of opportunity were implemented during the 1980s in oceans across the world and from the 1990s in the Mediterranean. In this sea, the procedures were originally based on seven steps (detection of end of profile, gross range check, position control, elimination of spikes, Gaussian smoothing and resampling at 1-m intervals, general malfunction control, and comparison with climatology), complemented with initial and final visual checks. The quality of data derived from a comparison with historical data (namely, climatology) depends on the availability of a huge amount of data that can statistically represent the mean characteristics of the seawater. A significant amount of data has been collected, and the existing temperature database in the Mediterranean can now provide more information on temporal and spatial variability at monthly and mesoscales, and an improved procedure for data quality control has now been adopted. New "best" estimates of monthly temperature profiles are calculated by using a maximum likelihood method. It has been found that more than one "best estimate" temperature can be defined in particular areas and depths, as a consequence of climate variability. Additional near-real-time control procedures have been included in order to provide information on long-term variability associated with data. This information is included in metafiles to be used for reanalysis and studies on long-term variability and changes

Oil Presses.

1. Introduction; 2. Processes for obtaining vegetable oils; 3. Detailing the continuous mechanical pressing; 4. Examples on the application of pressing for obtaining oil from cotton, peanut and sunflower; 5. Conclusion

The interpretation of non-Markovian stochastic Schr\"odinger equations as a hidden-variable theory

Do diffusive non-Markovian stochastic Schr\"odinger equations (SSEs) for open quantum systems have a physical interpretation? In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. A 66, 012108 (2002)] we investigated this question using the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics. We found that the solution of a non-Markovian SSE represents the state the system would be in at that time if a measurement was performed on the environment at that time, and yielded a particular result. However, the linking of solutions at different times to make a trajectory is, we concluded, a fiction. In this paper we investigate this question using the modal (hidden variable) interpretation of quantum mechanics. We find that the noise function $z(t)$ appearing in the non-Markovian SSE can be interpreted as a hidden variable for the environment. That is, some chosen property (beable) of the environment has a definite value $z(t)$ even in the absence of measurement on the environment. The non-Markovian SSE gives the evolution of the state of the system ``conditioned'' on this environment hidden variable. We present the theory for diffusive non-Markovian SSEs that have as their Markovian limit SSEs corresponding to homodyne and heterodyne detection, as well as one which has no Markovian limit.Comment: 9 page

Implementing optimal control pulse shaping for improved single-qubit gates

We employ pulse shaping to abate single-qubit gate errors arising from the weak anharmonicity of transmon superconducting qubits. By applying shaped pulses to both quadratures of rotation, a phase error induced by the presence of higher levels is corrected. Using a derivative of the control on the quadrature channel, we are able to remove the effect of the anharmonic levels for multiple qubits coupled to a microwave resonator. Randomized benchmarking is used to quantify the average error per gate, achieving a minimum of 0.007+/-0.005 using 4 ns-wide pulse.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Lignocellulosic biomass: organosolv process for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation.

Organosolv process for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation that eliminates the washing step and decreases the precipitation of dissolved/extracted lignin on cellulose fibers.TC 181

Malt bagasse: combined auto-hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis process for malt bagasse pretreatment.

Combined hydrothermal process of auto-hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis as pretreatment for release of glucose from malt bagasse. The auto-hydrolysis pretreatment removes the hemicellulose and chemically modifies the lignin, facilitating the access of enzymes to the cellulose, which will be converted into glucose.TC 293

Bagaço de malte: Processo combinado de auto-hidrólise e hidrólise enzimática para pré-tratamento de bagaço de malte.

Processo hidrotérmico combinado de auto-hidrólise seguido de hidrólise enzimática como pré-tratamento para liberação de glicose a partir de bagaço de malte. O pré-tratamento por auto-hidrólise remove a hemicelulose e modifica quimicamente a lignina, facilitando o acesso de enzimas à celulose, que será convertida em glicose.bitstream/item/227483/1/Bagac807o-de-Malte-processo-combinado-de-auto-hidro769lise.pdfTC 229