Second Order Gauge Theory

A gauge theory of second order in the derivatives of the auxiliary field is constructed following Utiyama's program. A novel field strength $G=\partial F+fAF$ arises besides the one of the first order treatment, $F=\partial A-\partial A+fAA$. The associated conserved current is obtained. It has a new feature: topological terms are determined from local invariance requirements. Podolsky Generalized Eletrodynamics is derived as a particular case in which the Lagrangian of the gauge field is $L_{P}\propto G^{2}$. In this application the photon mass is estimated. The SU(N) infrared regime is analysed by means of Alekseev-Arbuzov-Baikov's Lagrangian.Comment: 27 pages. No figure. Final versio

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Apresentação do primeiro caso autóctone de doença de Chagas diagnosticado no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil The first autochthonous case of Chagas' disease in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Apresentação do primeiro caso de doença de Chagas, diagnosticado no município de Gaspar, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Como não se conseguiu demonstrar a presença de triatomíneos na região, não foi possível determinar especìficamente o mecanismo de transmissão.<br>The first case of Chagas' diseases was diagnosed in Santa Catarina, Brazil. As it was not possible to find the triatominae bugs in that region, the mechanism of transmission remained obscure

Expectativas de gerentes e assessores de enfermagem quanto ao estilo gerencial do diretor executivo de um hospital de ensino Expectativas de gerentes y asesores de enfermería referente al estilo gerencial del director eyecutivo de un hospital escuela The managerial style of an executive director of a university hospital: perceptions and expectations of nursing managers and assistants

Este estudo focalizou as expectativas de 13 enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino, quanto ao estilo gerencial do diretor executivo. Utilizou-se o Grid Gerencial de BLAKE & MOUTON (1987), como referencial teórico e aplicou-se um questionário baseado no Instrumento Grid & Liderança em enfermagem, de TREVIZAN (1993). Os resultados evidenciaram que o estilo mais esperado corresponde, no Grid Gerencial, à "gerência em equipe", ou 9.9. O segundo estilo desejado foi a "gerência do homem organizacional, "ou 5.5. Concluiu-se que, para esses enfermeiros, existem expectativas significativas relacionadas à gerência que invista em valores como confiança, respeito, comprometimento, empenho pessoal e trabalho em equipe para o alcance dos objetivos organizacionais.<br>Este estudio enfocó las expectativas de 13 enfermeros del hospital escuela, con relación al estilo directivo del director ejecutivo. El "grid" gerencial de BLAKE & MOUTON (1987), fue usado como referencial teórico y una encuesta se aplicó basada en el Instrumento Grid & Liderazgo en enfermería, de TREVIZAN (1993). Los resultados evidenciaron el estilo más esperado fue "la gerencia en equipo", o 9.9. EL segundo estilo fue la "gerencia organizacional del hombre," o 5.5. Se concluye que, para esos enfermeros existen expectativas significativas relacionadas con la dirección que invierte en valores como confianza, respeto, compromiso, empeño personal y trabajo en equipo para el alcance del objetivos organizacionales.<br>The present study focussed the expectations of 13 nurses from a University hospital regarding to the executive director's managerial style. The Managerial Grid of BLAKE & MOUTON (1987) was used as a theoretical reference and a questionnaire was applied based on the Grid & Leadership in Nursing Instrument elaborated by TREVIZAN (1993). Results evidenced that the most expected style corresponds, considering the Managerial Grid, to "team management", or 9.9. The second style was the "management of a men organization", or 5.5. Authors concluded that there are important expectations for these nurses related to a management that enhances values such as trust, respect, commitment, personal investment and team work in order to achieve the organization goals