Consórcio entre gramíneas e leguminosas para produção de silagens, fenos e pré-secados.

Orientado por: Dr. Marco Antonio Previdelli Orrico Junior e Co-orientadora: Dra. Marciana Retor

Comparación del comportamiento glucémico de cuatro fórmulas nutricionales específicas para diabéticos mediante el uso de monitoreo continuo de glucosa

Introducción: Las fórmulas líquidas nutricionales son consideradas alimentos que dadas sus características aseguran un aporte de macro y micronutrientes estándar que pueden sustituir o complementar la alimentación de los pacientes con diabetes. No existen comparaciones frente a frente que evalúen el perfil glucémico entre fórmulas nutricionales específicas para diabéticos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico cruzado, con el fin de comparar el comportamiento glucémico y la variabilidad glucémica entre cuatro fórmulas nutricionales comerciales específicas para diabéticos y un desayuno estándar en 10 sujetos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, mediante el uso de un sistema de monitoreo continuo de glucosa. Se calculó el promedio, desviación estándar y el área bajo la curva en hiperglucemia de cada una de las fórmulas. Además se determinó el coeficiente de variación y otras medidas de variabilidad. Se analizó el delta de glucosa intersticial cada cinco minutos estratificado para cada fórmula nutricional. Resultados: El promedio de glucosa para el desayuno control fue 146,7± 44,3 mg/dl, Ensoy Diabetes® 129,6 ±25,1mg/ dl, Enterex DBT® 129,6± 26,8 mg/dl, Glucerna SR® 131,5± 31,7 mg/dl y Prowhey DM® 131,7± 30,7 mg/dl. Las cuatro fórmulas nutricionales tuvieron menor AUC en un periodo de cuatro horas (posabsortivo) respecto a un desayuno estándar (p<0,001), generando menores excursiones glucémicas y reafirmando su menor índice glucémico. Conclusiones: Las cuatro fórmulas nutricionales específicas para diabéticos evaluadas en nuestro estudio fueron superiores en comportamiento y variabilidad glucémica a un desayuno estándar en población diabética. Ensoy Diabetes® mostró menor AUC frente a Glucerna SR®, hallazgo que podría ser explicado por el menor aporte real de carbohidratos de Ensoy Diabetes® (17 vs 22,4 g)

Is organic fertilizer application a viable alternative to synthetic fertilizer for Piatã grass.

Organic fertilizer in many cases can replace mineral fertilizers and in consequence reduce production costs and improve soil quality. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate productive, morphogenic and structural characteristics of Piatã grass (Urochloa brizantha) fertilized with urea, organic compost and biofertilizer throughout a year. The trial design was a block split-plot in time (seasons) design with 4 treatments (fertilizing with urea, organic compost, biofertilizer and Control) and 6 repetitions. The evaluated parameters were: dry matter production (DMP), leaf elongation rate (LER), leaf appearance rate (LAR), phyllochron (PHYL), leaf lifespan (LLS), pseudostem elongation rate (SER), final leaf length (FLL), number of live leaves (NLL) and number of tillers (NT). The highest LAR values were observed during summer and spring for the treatment with urea, which also produced the highest LER values. No difference was found in SER among the fertilizer treatments but all fertilized treatments were superior to Control. NT and DMP values were highest (P<0.05) in the treatment with urea, followed by biofertilizer, organic compost and Control. In conclusion, while the use of urea provided greatest forage production, applying biofertilizer gave superior yields to organic compost. Other benefits of organic fertilizers should be assessed as well as combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers

Severe childhood malaria syndromes defined by plasma proteome profiles

BACKGROUND Cerebral malaria (CM) and severe malarial anemia (SMA) are the most serious life-threatening clinical syndromes of Plasmodium falciparum infection in childhood. Therefore it is important to understand the pathology underlying the development of CM and SMA, as opposed to uncomplicated malaria (UM). Different host responses to infection are likely to be reflected in plasma proteome-patterns that associate with clinical status and therefore provide indicators of the pathogenesis of these syndromes. METHODS AND FINDINGS Plasma and comprehensive clinical data for discovery and validation cohorts were obtained as part of a prospective case-control study of severe childhood malaria at the main tertiary hospital of the city of Ibadan, an urban and densely populated holoendemic malaria area in Nigeria. A total of 946 children participated in this study. Plasma was subjected to high-throughput proteomic profiling. Statistical pattern-recognition methods were used to find proteome-patterns that defined disease groups. Plasma proteome-patterns accurately distinguished children with CM and with SMA from those with UM, and from healthy or severely ill malaria-negative children. CONCLUSIONS We report that an accurate definition of the major childhood malaria syndromes can be achieved using plasma proteome-patterns. Our proteomic data can be exploited to understand the pathogenesis of the different childhood severe malaria syndromes

Saturation of an Intra-Gene Pool Linkage Map: Towards a Unified Consensus Linkage Map for Fine Mapping and Synteny Analysis in Common Bean

Map-based cloning and fine mapping to find genes of interest and marker assisted selection (MAS) requires good genetic maps with reproducible markers. In this study, we saturated the linkage map of the intra-gene pool population of common bean DOR364×BAT477 (DB) by evaluating 2,706 molecular markers including SSR, SNP, and gene-based markers. On average the polymorphism rate was 7.7% due to the narrow genetic base between the parents. The DB linkage map consisted of 291 markers with a total map length of 1,788 cM. A consensus map was built using the core mapping populations derived from inter-gene pool crosses: DOR364×G19833 (DG) and BAT93×JALO EEP558 (BJ). The consensus map consisted of a total of 1,010 markers mapped, with a total map length of 2,041 cM across 11 linkage groups. On average, each linkage group on the consensus map contained 91 markers of which 83% were single copy markers. Finally, a synteny analysis was carried out using our highly saturated consensus maps compared with the soybean pseudo-chromosome assembly. A total of 772 marker sequences were compared with the soybean genome. A total of 44 syntenic blocks were identified. The linkage group Pv6 presented the most diverse pattern of synteny with seven syntenic blocks, and Pv9 showed the most consistent relations with soybean with just two syntenic blocks. Additionally, a co-linear analysis using common bean transcript map information against soybean coding sequences (CDS) revealed the relationship with 787 soybean genes. The common bean consensus map has allowed us to map a larger number of markers, to obtain a more complete coverage of the common bean genome. Our results, combined with synteny relationships provide tools to increase marker density in selected genomic regions to identify closely linked polymorphic markers for indirect selection, fine mapping or for positional cloning

Anthropocene and "development" : intertwined trajectories since the beginning of the Great Acceleration = Antropoceno e "desenvolvimento" : trajetórias entrelaçadas desde o começo da Grande Aceleração

Objectives: We aim to propose the thesis that the trajectories of the Anthropocene and the current mainstream understandings of development are intertwined from the beginning. It means that the Anthropocene and the “development” are coetaneous: the implementation of development policies for the so-considered underdeveloped regions started to happen at the same time of what is known as The Great Acceleration of production, consumption and environmental degradation in a global level. Method: In this conceptual paper, we adopt a decolonial critique as an analytical lens and argue that different geopolitical positions may be necessary for approaching the issue of the Anthropocene from epistemological reflections that can include the cultural and political context of the production and reproduction of local knowledge. Results: Our theoretical argumentation sheds light on the role of Global North and South relations in shaping the environmental crisis. Latin America (LA) exemplifies the modus operandi of the intertwinement of the practical effects of development policies and the environmental consequences underlying the Anthropocene, in which natural resources are over-explored to satisfy export-oriented trade, from the South toward the North. LA is not only a propitious context to show the validity of our thesis, but also the source of alternatives to such developmental model. Conclusion: The emphasis on development as a cause of the Anthropocene supports The Great Acceleration thesis. The proposition of the name Developmentocene comes from the thesis that development and Anthropocene are coetaneous, the intertwinement of both resulting in the very definition of the new epoch.Objetivo: Buscamos propor a tese de que as trajetórias do Antropoceno e o entendimento atualmente dominante sobre desenvolvimento estão entrelaçadas desde o começo. Isso implica que o Antropoceno e o “desenvolvimento” são coetâneos: a implementação de políticas de desenvolvimento em regiões tidas como subdesenvolvidas começou a acontecer ao mesmo tempo em que teve início A Grande Aceleração da produção, do consumo e da degradação ambiental em nível global. Método: Neste artigo conceitual, nós adotamos a crítica decolonial como lente analítica e argumentamos a necessidade de diferentes posições geopolíticas para abordar a questão do Antropoceno a partir de reflexões epistemológicas que possam incluir o contexto cultural e político de produção e reprodução do conhecimento. Resultados: Nossa argumentação teórica enaltece as relações entre o Norte e o Sul Global no delineamento da crise ambiental. A América Latina (AL) exemplifica o modus operandi do entrelaçamento entre os efeitos práticos das políticas de desenvolvimento e as consequências ambientais subjacentes ao Antropoceno, em que os recursos naturais são explorados além dos limites para satisfazer o comércio para exportações, desde o Sul para o Norte. Nesse quadro, a AL não é apenas um contexto propício para mostrar a validade da nossa tese, mas também a fonte de alternativas a esse modelo de desenvolvimento. Conclusão: A ênfase no desenvolvimento como causa do Antropoceno apoia a tese da Grande Aceleração. A proposição do nome Desenvolvimentoceno advém da tese de que o desenvolvimento e o Antropoceno são coetâneos e que o entrelaçamento de ambos resulta na própria definição da nova época

Tamani grass-legume intercropping can improve productivity and composition of fodder destined to haylage or hay.

This research evaluated the biomass productivity and nutritional value of the haylage and hay from intercropping between Tamani grass and different legume species. For the productive characteristics of the different intercrops, we adopted a randomized block design, for evaluation of the combination of intercropping and conservation technic we used 5 x 2 factorial scheme (five intercrops and two types of conservation techniques). The treatments were Tamani grass as monoculture, and the intercrops of Tamani grass with crotalaria, soybean, cowpea, or pigeon pea. The conservation techniques were haylage (520 g/kg of DM) and hay (870 g/kg of DM). Plants were sown in alternate rows, with 45 cm of spacing between the rows. The parameters evaluated were grass and legume biomass production, canopy height, and haylage and hay chemical composition, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (ivDMD). There were no differences in the total biomass production between the intercrops and TA grass monoculture. The treatments intercropped with cowpea and soybean had the highest legume participation in the mixture, promoting an increase in crude protein and ivDMD content of haylage and hay. Haylage and hay had the same chemical composition, although haylage had higher ivDMD than hay. We concluded that intercropping Tamani grass with soybeans or cowpea maintained total biomass productivity and improved the nutritional value of haylage and ha

Agronomic aspects, chemical composition and digestibility of forage from corn-crotalaria intercropping.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different intercropping and spacing arrangements of corn (Zea mays L) and crotalaria (Crotalaria spp) on the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and forage digestibility. The experiment was distributed in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial scheme. The treatments were two cultivation systems (corn + Crotalaria juncea (CCJ) intercropping, and corn + Crotalaria ochroleuca (CCO) intercropping), in two spacing arrangements (A1 (corn and crotalaria sown in the same row) and A2 (corn and crotalaria sown in alternate rows)) plus control (single corn monocropping (CSC)), with six replicates per treatment, for 2 years. Forage plants were harvested when the corn grain reached the doughy-farinaceous phenological stage. Forage mass (total and of each species), morphological composition, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility were evaluated. The forage accumulation was higher for the A1 spatial arrangement. In the second year, the highest total forage mass was verified in the CCO inter- cropping (11 140 kg/ha). The highest corn mass (9402 kg/ha) was observed for CSC. The highest crotalaria mass was observed in the CCJ intercropping in both years. Regarding the chemical composition, CCJ and CCO intercropping had the highest crude protein concentra- tion. The lowest acid detergent fibre concentration was observed in CSC and CCO intercrop- ping, directly reflecting the in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficients. It is concluded that C. ochroleuca, sown between corn rows, had higher forage accumulation and nutritive value among the treatments tested in this experiment