High-Grade Copper and Gold Deposited During Postpotassic Chlorite-White Mica-Albite Stage in the Far Southeast Porphyry Deposit, Philippines

Ninety-eight underground diamond holes (~102 km) drilled by Far Southeast Gold Resources Inc. at the Far Southeast porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Philippines, from 2011 to mid-2013, provide a three-dimensional exposure of the deposit between 700- and –750-m elevation, with surface at ~1,400-m elevation. Far Southeast contains an inferred resource of 891.7 million tonnes (Mt) averaging 0.7 g/t Au and 0.5 wt % Cu, equivalent to 19.8 Moz Au and 4.5 Mt Cu. This contribution reports the spatial and temporal distribution of alteration and mineralization at Far Southeast, notably a white-mica–chlorite-albite assemblage that formed after early secondary biotite and before late quartz–white-mica–pyrite alteration and that is associated with the highest copper and gold grades. Alteration assemblages were determined by drill core logging, short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral analysis, petrographic examination, and a quantitative evaluation of materials by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN) study. Alteration is limited around sparse veins or pervasive where vein density is high and the alteration halos coalesce. The alteration and mineralization zones with increasing depth are as follows: (1) the lithocap of quartz-alunite–dominated advanced argillic-silicic alteration that hosts part of the Lepanto high-sulfidation Cu-Au epithermal deposit (mostly above ~700-m elevation), (2) an aluminosilicate-dominated zone with coexisting pyrophyllite-diaspore ± kandite ± alunite and white mica (~700- to ~100-m elevation), (3) porphyry-style assemblages characterized by stockwork veins (below ~500-m elevation), (4) the 1 wt % Cu equivalent ore shell (~400- to –300-m elevation), and (5) an underlying subeconomic zone (about –300- to –750-m elevation, the base of drilling). The ore shells have a typical bell shape centered on a dioritic intrusive complex. The paragenetic sequence of the porphyry deposit includes stage 1 granular gray to white quartz-rich (± anhydrite ± magnetite ± biotite) veins with biotite-magnetite alteration. These were cut by stage 2 lavender-colored euhedral quartz-rich (± anhydrite ± sulfides) veins, with halos of greenish white-mica–chlorite-albite alteration. The white mica is largely illite, with an average 2,203-nm Al-OH wavelength position. The albite may reflect the mafic nature of the diorite magmatism. The quartz veins of this stage are associated with the bulk of copper deposited as chalcopyrite and bornite, as well as gold. Thin Cu sulfide (chalcopyrite, minor bornite) veins with minor quartz and/or anhydrite (paint veins), with or without a white-mica halo, also occur. These veins were followed by stage 3 anhydrite-rich pyrite-quartz veins with white-mica (avg 2,197 nm, illite)–pyrite alteration halos. Combined with previous studies, we conclude that this porphyry system, including the Far Southeast porphyry and Lepanto high-sulfidation Cu-Au deposits, evolved over a period of 0.1–0.2 m.y. Three diorite porphyry stocks were emplaced, and by ~1.4 Ma biotite-magnetite–style alteration formed with quartz-anhydrite veins and deposition of ≤0.5% Cu and ≤0.5 g/t Au (stage 1); coupled with this alteration style, a barren lithocap of residual quartz with quartz-alunite halo plus kandite ± pyrophyllite and/or diaspore formed at shallower depth (>700-m elevation). Subsequently, lavender quartz and anhydrite veins with bornite and chalcopyrite (high-grade stage, avg ~1 wt % Cu and ~1 g/t Au) and white-mica–chlorite-albite halos formed below ~400-m elevation (stage 2). They were accompanied by local pyrite replacement, the formation of hydrothermal breccias and Cu sulfide (paint) veins. Stage 2 was followed at ~1.3 Ma by the formation of igneous breccias largely along the margins of the high-grade zones and stage 3 pyrite-quartz-anhydrite ± chalcopyrite veins with white-mica (mostly illitic) halos. At shallower depths in the transition to the base of the lithocap, cooling led to the formation of aluminosilicate minerals (mainly pyrophyllite ± diaspore ± dickite) with anhydrite plus high-sulfidation-state sulfides and pyrite veinlets. Consistent with previous studies, it is likely that the lithocap-hosted enargite-Au mineralization formed during this later period

VIGILANCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA Y PREVENCIÓN DE LAS ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS EMERGENTES Y RE-EMERGENTES

Infectious diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality affecting the most vulnerable, children under 12 years of age and women of reproductive age. The goal of their surveillance is to limit the spread and make it easier for public health authorities to manage the risk. The prevention and control of communicable pathologies requires a permanent multifactorial approach. The study was based on the use of the scientific method at the theoretical level (historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and hypothetical-deductive) and at the empirical level, through unstructured observation, in addition an exhaustive bibliographic search was developed, which contributed to the knowledge about epidemiological surveillance and infections. It was reviewed in the database of the National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health of the United States (PUBMED), in the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE NLM), in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), SciELO and the Latin American and Caribbean Center for Health Sciences Information (LILACS). In addition, Scopus and Latindex were analyzed with the same terms and respecting selection criteria of the articles. For the efficiency of epidemiological surveillance, there must be necessary laboratory infrastructure and integration with the clinic. The national health authority must develop the standards, protocols and procedures that must be complied with, before which timely and effective microbiological diagnosis is essential. Prevention is thus a priority objective within the epidemiological surveillance subsystem, which should facilitate early identification through systematic investigationsLas enfermedades infecciosas constituyen causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad afectando a los más vulnerables, menores de 12 años y mujeres en edad reproductiva. La meta de su vigilancia, es limitar la propagación y facilitar a las autoridades de salud pública la gestión del riesgo. La prevención y el control de las patologías transmisibles, requiere de un abordaje multifactorial permanente. El estudio se basó en el empleo del método científico a nivel teórico (histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo e hipotético-deductivo) y a nivel empírico, a través de la observación no estructurada, además se desarrolló una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica, que contribuyó al conocimiento sobre la vigilancia epidemiológica y las infecciones. Se revisó en la base de datos de la Librería Nacional de Medicina e Institutos Nacionales de Salud de Estados Unidos (PUBMED), en la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (MEDLINE NLM), en la la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), SciELO y el Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). Además, se analizó Scopus, y Latindex, con los mismos términos y respetando criterios de selección de los artículos. Para la eficiencia de la vigilancia epidemiológica, se debe contar con infraestructura necesaria de laboratorio e integración con la clínica. La autoridad sanitaria nacional debe elaborar las normas, protocolos y procedimientos que deben ser cumplidos, ante lo cual el diagnóstico microbiológico oportuno y eficaz, resulta esencial. La prevención constituye así, un objetivo prioritario dentro del subsistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, el cual debe facilitar la identificación precoz, a través de investigaciones sistemáticas

Investigación e Innovación en el Ámbito Educativo

El departamento de posgrado de la Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica de Ecuador celebró su primer evento de “Investigación y Socialización del Conocimiento” con el apoyo de varios docentes de la Maestría en Educación con Mención Innovación y Liderazgo Educativo y estudiantes de su primera cohorte. Este libro recoge, lo más relevante de las reflexiones suscitadas durante las conferencias del evento.Universidad Tecnológica Indoaméric

Memorias IX Congreso Geológico Venezolano (2)

IX Congreso Geológico Venezolano (2