'Conciousness' : un nuevo concepto en psicología social según Charles Reich

The chain reaction failure of a major portion of a structure that is initiated by the failure of a relatively small portion is referred to as the progressive collapse of a structure. The main approach used for the evaluation of a structure’s vulnerability to progressive collapse is the instantaneous removal of a load bearing element of the structure, followed by studying its effect on other structural elements. An analytical study using a finite element model (FEM) is used in this investigation with the aim of comparing the main two standards that address progressive collapse. A three-dimensional nonlinear model of a concrete generic frame structure is used in the study. The structure is designed according to different seismic zones in order to evaluate the effect of the seismic region on its vulnerability to progressive collapse

The effect of seed size on tissue culture response of callus from endosperm-supported mature embryos of barley ( Hordeum vulgare

Although immature embryos are the most suitable explants to regenerate cereals, their limited availability throughout the year hampers frequent experimentation. In order to circumvent this problem, endosperm-supported mature embryos, which are available throughout the year, are proposed for utilization in cereal tissue culture studies. In the present study, the effect of seed size on in vitro seed germination, seedling growth, callus induction and plant regeneration, as well as the relationships between these parameters, were investigated in three barley (Hordewn vidgare L.) genotypes. Seeds were designated as large or small for each genotype and seed germinations were achieved in Petri dishes between two sheets of pre-wetted filter paper. Germination percentages of seeds, seedling growth rates, shoot and root lengths, and seedling fresh and dry weights were examined. Mature embryos from imbibed and dehulled seeds were aseptically moved slightly with a scalpel. For callus induction, 8 mg 1(-1) 2,4-D dissolved in water, and for plant regeneration, hormone-free MS medium, was utilized. Highest values with respect to seed germination percentage, seedling growth, callus induction and plant regeneration were obtained using large seeds. Rooting of regenerated shoots and plantlet recovery were also successfully achieved. Based on the significant positive correlations observed between all parameters, we concluded that cultures derived from endosperm -supported mature embryos within large seeds should be employed for achieving superior tissue culture response