Preventing Social Orphanhood: the Russian Model

The article explains the Russian model of social orphanhood eradicating based on the analysis of the dynamics of the adoption and foster care and social orphanhood prevention, the legislation development and a compari- son with the international experience. The effectiveness of the state policy is depends on focus of the top federal and regional officials, the dynamic legis- lative development, federal financial support and creative accomplishing the tasks of social orphanhood eradicating throughout the country. Author proposes methodology for evaluating the regions performance based on math- ematical models of the continuity equation. The article identifies a number of factors determine the features of the state policy implementation throughout Russia, including ethnic and religious factors, geographical proximity to the international experience, migration flows, climatic conditions, and the health level. It is pointed out that the implementation of the National Strategy for Action on Children plays a key role in forming the Russian model. The main modern challengers are defining the strategy and tactics of the family and foster care of children difficult to place in family, services on interdepartmental basis, and economic crisis, which may lead to an increasing return of children from foster families

Spectroscopic and quantum chemical study of the structure of 4-aminopyrimidinoanthrones

4-Amino derivatives of pyrimidinoanthrone exist in the form of an aminoketone isomer in the crystalline state in neutral organic solutions, but in acid and alkaline media the tautomeric equilibrium is shifted toward formation of ionic forms of the iminohydroxyl tautomer. We present the characteristics of the IR and electronic absorption spectra and quantum chemical calculations for the neutral and ionic forms of the tautomers indicated above. © 1995 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Spectroscopic and quantum chemical study of the structure of 4-aminopyrimidinoanthrones

4-Amino derivatives of pyrimidinoanthrone exist in the form of an aminoketone isomer in the crystalline state in neutral organic solutions, but in acid and alkaline media the tautomeric equilibrium is shifted toward formation of ionic forms of the iminohydroxyl tautomer. We present the characteristics of the IR and electronic absorption spectra and quantum chemical calculations for the neutral and ionic forms of the tautomers indicated above. © 1995 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Universality classes and critical phenomena in confined liquid systems

It is well known that the similar universal behavior of infinite-size (bulk) systems of different nature requires the same basic conditions: space dimensionality; number components of order parameter; the type (short- or long-range) of the intermolecular interaction; symmetry of the fluctuation part of thermodynamical potential. Basic conditions of similar universal behavior of confined systems needs the same supplementary conditions such as the number of monolayers for a system confinement; low crossover dimensionality, i.e., geometric form of restricted volume; boundary conditions on limiting surfaces; physical properties under consideration. This review paper is aimed at studying all these conditions of similar universal behavior for diffusion processes in confined liquid systems. Special attention was paid to the effects of spatial dispersion and low crossover dimensionality. This allowed us to receive receiving correct nonzero expressions for the diffusion coefficient at the critical point and to take into account the specific geometric form of the confined liquid volume. The problem of 3D⇔2D dimensional crossover was analyzed. To receive a smooth crossover for critical exponents, the Kawasaki-like approach from the theory of mode coupling in critical dynamics was proposed. This ensured a good agreement between data of computer experiment and theoretical calculations of the size dependence of the critical temperature T_c(H) of water in slitlike pores. The width of the quasi-elastic scattering peak of slow neutrons near the structural phase transition in the aquatic suspensions of plasmatic membranes (mesostructures with the typical thickness up to 10 nm) was studied. It was shown that the width of quasi-elastic peak of neutron scattering decreases due to the process of cell proliferation, i.e., with an increase of the membrane size (including the membrane thickness). Thus, neutron studies could serve as an additional diagnostic test for the process of tumor formation

A thermodynamic study of liquid Fe-Si-B alloys : an influence of ternary associates on a liquid → glass transition

Knudsen-cell mass spectrometry and the integral variant of effusion method have been applied to investigate the thermodynamic properties of liquid Fe-Si-B alloys at temperatures from 1423 to 1894 K over concentration intervals of 9-88.8 at. pct Fe. 2.6-81.4 at. pct Si, and 7.5-50 at. pct B. The activity values of the components and the Gibbs energy of the Fe-Si-B melt formation have been determined over a wide temperature-concentration range. The concentration and temperature dependences of the thermodynamic functions of liquid Fe-Si-B alloy have been described adequately within the ideal associated-solution model under the assumption that binary and ternary associates exist in the melt. The relevance of the model was tested in the undercooled region. The glass-forming ability of the melt as shown could be interpreted in terms of the thermodynamic parameters of the association reactions. A specific role of ternary interaction was clarified