COVID-19 as a factor in the global food crisis

The article discusses the dynamics of the main food crises in the history of mankind. The factors that caused food threats are analyzed. The state of the modern world food market and its trends are assessed in the light of ongoing changes in the structure of production in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main global threats that entail violated world economic relations between countries in the process of a complete ban and quarantine measures have been identified. The main measures to reduce the predicted negative product effects are proposed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Physico-Chemical Study of Barium (II) Dipivaloylmethanate Nature

A physico-chemical research of bis-(dipivaloylmethanato)baryum(II) (Ba(thd)2) has been carried out from the point of its use in CVD process as a precursor (thermal stability, immunity to external effects and etc.). The optimal conditions for synthesis, purification and storage have been found. It has been shown, that the sublimated product presents a mixture of several modifications with the main phase of a composition Ba4(th)8. At a lowered pressure the sublimated product is preserved without decomposition for a long time. In the air it is a monomer of a composition Ba(thd)2*2H2O, decomposing in the course ot time with forming a free ligand or a diketone (C8H21O2) depending on the way of purification of the initial compound

Physical development and of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of life

I.V. Vakhlova1, G.V. Fedotova1, L.G. Boronina1, E.V. Samatova2 1Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation 2Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation Aim: to assess the rate of growth and metabolic activity of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of&nbsp;life and received specialized nutrition with extensive hydrolyzed whey proteins with medium-chain triglycerides and nucleotides. Patients and Methods: prospective cohort study was conducted in two groups of infants. The study group included 37 infants with partial bowel resection within the first months of life. The control group included 75 healthy infants. Postoperatively, study group children were bottle-fed and received an infant formula (extensive hydrolized whey proteins with medium-chain triglycerides) till the age of 12 months. Some control group children were breast-fed while control group children on a mixed or formula feeding. In all children, antenatal and perinatal anamnesis and physical development within the first year of life were assessed. Additionally, the amounts of short-chain fatty acids in the stool were eva luated. Results: the rate of growth in infants who experienced bowel surgery was similar to that of healthy infants within the first year of life. By the age of 12 months, steady increase in the proportion of infants with average weight (SD -1 to +1) and significant reduction in the proportion of infants with low weight (SD -1 to -2) were reported. A group of overweight infants (SD +1 to +2) emerged since the age of 6 months. The specifics of metabolic activity of gut microbiota in children after surgery were a significant increase in propionic acid amount in the stool and a trend to an increase in anaerobic index by the age of 12 months. Conclusions: this growth pattern illustrates an adequate nutrition during the recovery of bowel functional activity and its ability to absorb and to uptake nutrients. Keywords: infants, specialized nutrition, physical development rate, bowel metabolic activity. For citation: Vakhlova I.V., Fedotova G.V., Boronina L.G., Samatova&nbsp;E.V. Physical development and of gut microbiota in infants who experienced bowel resection within the first year of life. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(2):155–161. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-2-155-161. </p

Modernization of the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex in the Conditions of Increase of Food Security

Subject/Topic. The issues of increase of food security of the state have become very important due to increase of the planet’s population and the requirements of increase of living standards. The necessity for increasing the intensity of production of food products in the conditions of stable production capacities of agriculture grows. In this situation, agrarians look for new innovational solutions to the problem of increase of the production volumes without large growth of final products’ price. Another problem is growth of the cost of food products, which also requires the search for new technological solutions for increasing the efficiency in agriculture. Certain states strive to reduce their export of food – due to growth of prices – satisfying their own need for food and food reserves. However, such measures only increase the problem in the global scale – so there’s a necessity for the global modernization of the sphere. Thus, application of innovational technologies in agriculture could become a new vector for modernization of the traditional agricultural methods of production and activation of hidden potentials of the sphere. Goal/Tasks. The purpose of this research is theoretical substantiation of the current processes, search for practical methods of stimulation and increase of efficiency of the Russian agriculture, and development of the directions of further modernization of the sphere. According to the set goal, the authors formulate and solve the following tasks: Analysis the situation with the dynamics of the world population, analysis of the consumer sector and its profitability level, evaluation of dynamics of population’s real incomes, conclusion on the number of the poor, and substantiation of the necessity for search for new solutions for the problems of food security. Methodology. The research is conducted with application of the methods of graphic presentation of information, statistical analysis of data, financial analysis, trend analysis, and the methods of comparison, analogy, and systematization. Results. To increase the level of the Russian food security, it is necessary to provide economic access to high-quality food for the Russian population, which is impossible without government support for agricultural manufacturers and new solutions in this sphere. Conclusions/Significance. The value of the work consists in emphasis on external and internal threats to national food security, which increase despite the growth of external import. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020