Transportation channels calculation method in MATLAB

Output devices and charged particles transport channels are necessary components of any modern particle accelerator. They differ both in sizes and in terms of focusing elements depending on particle accelerator type and its destination. A package of transport line designing codes for magnet optical channels in MATLAB environment is presented in this report. Charged particles dynamics in a focusing channel can be studied easily by means of the matrix technique. MATLAB usage is convenient because its information objects are matrixes. MATLAB allows the use the modular principle to build the software package. Program blocks are small in size and easy to use. They can be executed separately or commonly. A set of codes has a user-friendly interface. Transport channel construction consists of focusing lenses (doublets and triplets). The main of the magneto-optical channel parameters are total length and lens position and parameters of the output beam in the phase space (channel acceptance, beam emittance − beam transverse dimensions, particles divergence and image stigmaticity). Choice of the channel operation parameters is based on the conditions for satisfying mutually competing demands. And therefore the channel parameters calculation is carried out by using the search engine optimization techniques.Представлен пакет прикладных программ по проектированию каналов транспортировки, предназначенный для разработки магнитооптических каналов в среде широко распространённой системы MATLAB. Поскольку динамику заряженных частиц в фокусирующих каналах удобно записывать в матричной форме, то использование системы MATLAB, в которой объектом обработки информации является матрица, вполне обосновано. Комплекс программ обладает наглядным и удобным интерфейсом. Канал транспортировки строится из фокусирующих систем − дублеты и триплеты. Основными характеристиками магнитооптических каналов являются их полная длина и места расположения линз, а также параметры пучка в выходной плоскости канала (аксептанс канала, эмиттанс пучка − поперечные размеры пучка, расходимость частиц и стигматичность изображения). Выбор рабочего варианта параметров канала производится из условия удовлетворения взаимно конкурирующих требований, и поэтому расчёт параметров канала осуществляется с использованием методов поисковой оптимизации.Представлено пакет програм з проектування каналів транспортування, призначений для розробки магнітооптичних каналів у середовищі широко поширеної системи MATLAB. Оскільки динаміку заряджених часток у фокусуючих каналах зручно записувати в матричній формі, то використання системи MATLAB, в якій об'єктом обробки інформації є матриця, цілком обґрунтоване. Комплекс програм має наочний і зручний інтерфейс. Канал транспортування будується з фокусуючих систем − дублети і триплети. Основними характеристиками магнітооптичних каналів є їх повна довжина і місця розташування лінз, а також параметри пучка у вихідній площині каналу (аксептанс каналу, емітанс пучка − поперечні розміри пучка, розбіжність часток і стигматичність зображення). Вибір робочого варіанта параметрів каналу робиться з умови задоволення взаємно конкуруючих вимог, і тому розрахунок параметрів каналу здійснюється з використанням методів пошукової оптимізації

Large-scale cis- and trans-eQTL analyses identify thousands of genetic loci and polygenic scores that regulate blood gene expression

Trait-associated genetic variants affect complex phenotypes primarily via regulatory mechanisms on the transcriptome. To investigate the genetics of gene expression, we performed cis- and trans-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses using blood-derived expression from 31,684 individuals through the eQTLGen Consortium. We detected cis-eQTL for 88% of genes, and these were replicable in numerous tissues. Distal trans-eQTL (detected for 37% of 10,317 trait-associated variants tested) showed lower replication rates, partially due to low replication power and confounding by cell type composition. However, replication analyses in single-cell RNA-seq data prioritized intracellular trans-eQTL. Trans-eQTL exerted their effects via several mechanisms, primarily through regulation by transcription factors. Expression of 13% of the genes correlated with polygenic scores for 1,263 phenotypes, pinpointing potential drivers for those traits. In summary, this work represents a large eQTL resource, and its results serve as a starting point for in-depth interpretation of complex phenotypes

Does adolescent alcohol and marijuana use predict suppressed growth in psychosocial maturity among male juvenile offenders?

Multiple theories suggest mechanisms by which the use of alcohol and drugs during adolescence could dampen growth in psychosocial maturity. However, scant empirical evidence exists to support this proposition. The current study tested whether alcohol and marijuana use predicted suppressed growth in psychosocial maturity among a sample of male serious juvenile offenders (n = 1,170) who were followed from ages 15 to 21 years. Alcohol and marijuana use prospectively predicted lower maturity 6 months later. Moreover, boys with the greatest increases in marijuana use showed the smallest increases in psychosocial maturity. Finally, heterogeneity in the form of age-related alcohol and marijuana trajectories was related to growth in maturity, such that only boys who decreased their alcohol and marijuana use significantly increased in psychosocial maturity. Taken together, these findings suggest that patterns of elevated alcohol and marijuana use in adolescence may suppress age-typical growth in psychosocial maturity from adolescence to young adulthood, but that effects are not necessarily permanent, because decreasing use is associated with increases in maturity

Large-scale cis- and trans-eQTL analyses identify thousands of genetic loci and polygenic scores that regulate blood gene expression.

Trait-associated genetic variants affect complex phenotypes primarily via regulatory mechanisms on the transcriptome. To investigate the genetics of gene expression, we performed cis- and trans-expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses using blood-derived expression from 31,684 individuals through the eQTLGen Consortium. We detected cis-eQTL for 88% of genes, and these were replicable in numerous tissues. Distal trans-eQTL (detected for 37% of 10,317 trait-associated variants tested) showed lower replication rates, partially due to low replication power and confounding by cell type composition. However, replication analyses in single-cell RNA-seq data prioritized intracellular trans-eQTL. Trans-eQTL exerted their effects via several mechanisms, primarily through regulation by transcription factors. Expression of 13% of the genes correlated with polygenic scores for 1,263 phenotypes, pinpointing potential drivers for those traits. In summary, this work represents a large eQTL resource, and its results serve as a starting point for in-depth interpretation of complex phenotypes