3,140 research outputs found
Framework for a spatial Decision Support Tool for policy and decision making
The main challenge of developing of a spatial DST (Decision Support Tool) to support the decision making on future livestock production will not be a technical one, but instead a challenge of meeting the con-text requirements of the tool, such as the characteristics of the country-specific spatial plan-ning and decision-making process, the wishes of the potential users of the tool and its output as well as the country-specific policies and regulations. The spatial DST which is being pro-posed in this report therefore does not include complex and state-of-the-art GIS techniques, but instead tries to be as clear and simple as possible, in order to give the potential users a full understanding during the analysis process and with using the output of the tool. A spatial DST can easily become a ‘black box’ if the users do not fully understand the limita-tions of the tool and its output. Despite the fact that output maps of GIS systems may look very detailed and suggest a high degree of accuracy, they are often not. This will entirely de-pend on the availability of reliable and detailed input data. Most likely, many of the produced output maps should be used in an indicative way only. Therefore, the output of the spatial DST needs to be accompanied by supporting information on the reliability of the output and the shortcomings due to unreliable or missing input data, as well as the consequences for use of the output. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-data assessment system is proposed as an in-tegrated part of the spatial DST. The distribution of the output will also require tools to pro-duce more sketch-like presentations, e.g. using fuzzy borders and aggregated maps, which are another important feature of the spatial DST
Rate enhancement and multi-relay selection schemes for application in wireless cooperative networks
In this thesis new methods are presented to achieve performance enhancement in wireless cooperative networks. In particular, techniques to improve transmission rate, mitigate asynchronous transmission and maximise end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio are described.
An offset transmission scheme with full interference cancellation for a two-hop synchronous network with frequency flat links and four relays is introduced. This approach can asymptotically, as the symbol block size increases, achieve maximum transmission rate together with full cooperative diversity provided the destination node has multiple antennas. A novel full inter-relay interference cancellation method that also achieves asymptotically maximum rate and full cooperative diversity is then designed which only requires a single antenna at the destination node.
Extension to asynchronous networks is then considered through the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) type transmission with a cyclic prefix, and interference cancellation techniques are designed for situations when synchronization errors are present in only the second hop or both the first and second hop. End-to-end bit error rate evaluations, with and without outer coding, are used to assess the performance of the various offset transmission schemes.
Multi-relay selection methods for cooperative amplify and forward type networks are then studied in order to overcome the degradation of end-to-end bit error rate performance in single-relay selection networks when there are feedback errors in the destination to relay node links. Outage probability analysis for two and four relay selection is performed to show the advantage of multi-relay selection when no interference occurs and when adjacent cell interference is present both at the relay nodes and the destination node. Simulation studies are included which support the theoretical expressions.
Finally, outage probability analysis of a cognitive amplify and forward type relay network with cooperation between certain secondary users, chosen by single and multi-relay (two and four) selection is presented. The cognitive relays are assumed to exploit an underlay approach, which requires adherence to an interference constraint on the primary user. The relay selection is performed either with a max-min strategy or one based on maximising exact end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio. The analyses are again confirmed by numerical evaluations
Two charged strangeonium-like structures observable in the process
Via the Initial Single Pion Emission (ISPE) mechanism, we study the
invariant mass spectrum distribution of . Our calculation indicates there exist a sharp peak
structure () close to the threshold and a broad
structure () near the threshold. In addition, we
also investigate the process due to
the ISPE mechanism, where a sharp peak around the threshold
appears in the invariant mass spectrum distribution. We
suggest to carry out the search for these charged strangeonium-like structures
in future experiment, especially Belle II, Super-B and BESIII.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by Eur. Phys. J.
Solids containing spherical nano-inclusions with interface stresses: Effective properties and thermal–mechanical connections
AbstractThis work examines the overall thermoelastic behavior of solids containing spherical inclusions with surface effects. Elastic response is evaluated as a superposition of separate solutions for isotropic and deviatoric overall loads. Using a variational approach, we construct the Euler–Lagrange equation together with the natural transition (jump) conditions at the interface. The overall bulk modulus is derived in a simple form, based on the construction of neutral composite sphere. The transverse shear modulus estimate is derived using the generalized self-consistent method. Further, we show that there exists an exact connection between effective thermal expansion and bulk modulus. This connection is valid not only for a composite sphere, but also for a matrix-based composite reinforced by many randomly distributed spheres of the same size, and can be viewed as an analog of Levin’s formula for composites with surface effects
Full interference cancellation for an asymptotically full rate asynchronous cooperative four relay network
We propose the use of simple full interference cancellation
(FIC) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
(OFDM) within a two-hop asynchronous cooperative four relay
network. This approach can achieve the full available diversity
and asymptotically full rate. The four relay nodes are arranged as
two groups of two relay nodes with offset transmission scheduling.
Therefore, the source can serially transmit data to the destination
and the overall rate can approach one when the number of
samples is large. However, the four-path relay scheme may suffer
from inter-relay interference which is caused by the simultaneous
transmission of the source and another group of relays. The FIC
approach is therefore used to remove inter-relay interference;
OFDM with cyclic prefix (CP) and time-reversion is applied at
the source and relays respectively, in order to combat timing
errors. Uncoded and coded bit error rate simulations confirm
the utility of the scheme
Two-band second moment model and an interatomic potential for caesium
A semi-empirical formalism is presented for deriving interatomic potentials
for materials such as caesium or cerium which exhibit volume collapse phase
transitions. It is based on the Finnis-Sinclair second moment tight binding
approach, but incorporates two independent bands on each atom. The potential is
cast in a form suitable for large-scale molecular dynamics, the computational
cost being the evaluation of short ranged pair potentials. Parameters for a
model potential for caesium are derived and tested
The Electron Spectral Function in Two-Dimensional Fractionalized Phases
We study the electron spectral function of various zero-temperature
spin-charge separated phases in two dimensions. In these phases, the electron
is not a fundamental excitation of the system, but rather ``decays'' into a
spin-1/2 chargeless fermion (the spinon) and a spinless charge e boson (the
chargon). Using low-energy effective theories for the spinons (d-wave pairing
plus possible N\'{e}el order), and the chargons (condensed or quantum
disordered bosons), we explore three phases of possible relevance to the
cuprate superconductors: 1) AF*, a fractionalized antiferromagnet where the
spinons are paired into a state with long-ranged N\'{e}el order and the
chargons are 1/2-filled and (Mott) insulating, 2) the nodal liquid, a
fractionalized insulator where the spinons are d-wave paired and the chargons
are uncondensed, and 3) the d-wave superconductor, where the chargons are
condensed and the spinons retain a d-wave gap. Working within the gauge
theory of such fractionalized phases, our results should be valid at scales
below the vison gap. However, on a phenomenological level, our results should
apply to any spin-charge separated system where the excitations have these
low-energy effective forms. Comparison with ARPES data in the undoped,
pseudogapped, and superconducting regions is made.Comment: 10 page
Exact Algorithms for Maximum Independent Set
We show that the maximum independent set problem (MIS) on an -vertex graph
can be solved in time and polynomial space, which even is
faster than Robson's -time exponential-space algorithm
published in 1986. We also obtain improved algorithms for MIS in graphs with
maximum degree 6 and 7, which run in time of and
, respectively. Our algorithms are obtained by using fast
algorithms for MIS in low-degree graphs in a hierarchical way and making a
careful analyses on the structure of bounded-degree graphs
Low-Energy Photodisintegration of the Deuteron and Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
The photon analyzing power for the photodisintegration of the deuteron was
measured for seven gamma-ray energies between 2.39 and 4.05 MeV using the
linearly polarized gamma-ray beam of the High-Intensity Gamma-ray Source at the
Duke Free-Electron Laser Laboratory. The data provide a stringent test of
theoretical calculations for the inverse reaction, the neutron-proton radiative
capture reaction at energies important for Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis. Our data
are in excellent agreement with potential model and effective field theory
calculations. Therefore, the uncertainty in the baryon density obtained from
Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis can be reduced at least by 20%.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
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