Real-Time MRI of Continent and Stress Incontinent Male Patients after Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder

Introduction: The aim of this study was to correlate anatomic differences with continence status in male patients after cystoprostatectomy and ileal neobladder using real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Patients and Methods: Anatomic differences of 14 male patients (7 daytime continent and 7 stress incontinent) with ileal neobladder were determined by measuring the orthogonal distance of the bladder neck to the pubococcygeal line (PCL) to correlate anatomic differences with continence status. Results: The median distance of the bladder neck to PCL was +5.4 mm in continent patients before voiding whereas in incontinent patients it was +2 mm (p = 0.012). During the Valsalva maneuver, the median distance in continent patients was +4 and in incontinent patients -3 mm (p = 0.003). At the end of micturition, the median distance was +2.3 mm in continent patients and -12 mm in incontinent patients (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The bladder neck in incontinent patients showed more pronounced mobility in relation to the PCL during micturition and the Valsalva maneuver as compared to continent patients. In addition, the ileal neobladder was positioned significantly lower in the pelvis of incontinent patients. These preliminary results suggest that a stable bladder neck may be an important factor to reach full continence in patients with ileal neobladder. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base

Taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal anatomy of selected Persicaria Mill. species of family Polygonaceae from Pakistan

Leaf epidermal anatomy of selected Persicaria Mill. species of the family Polygonaceae revealed variation in size and shape of epidermal cells, stomata, glandular and non glandular trichomes. This study proves to be taxonomically important tool in the delimitation of taxa. Epidermal cell shapes are variable but mostly polygonal. Five different stomatal patterns are reported for Persicaria Mill. Two types of non glandular trichomes are observed only in P. barbata, P. stagnina and P. orientalis which serve as their distinguishing characters. Glandular trichomes are 1, 2 and 4-celled peltate, capitate and spheroidal. Cluster analyses elucidate relationship among different taxa by utilization of leaf epidermal characters

Classification, diagnosis and potential mechanisms in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia

Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia (PCH) is group of very rare, inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorders with prenatal onset. Up to now seven different subtypes have been reported (PCH1-7). The incidence of each subtype is unknown. All subtypes share common characteristics, including hypoplasia/atrophy of cerebellum and pons, progressive microcephaly, and variable cerebral involvement. Patients have severe cognitive and motor handicaps and seizures are often reported. Treatment is only symptomatic and prognosis is poor, as most patients die during infancy or childhood. The genetic basis of different subtypes has been elucidated, which makes prenatal testing possible in families with mutations. Mutations in three tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit genes were found to be responsible for PCH2, PCH4 and PCH5. Mutations in the nuclear encoded mitochondrial arginyl- tRNA synthetase gene underlie PCH6. The tRNA splicing endonuclease, the mitochondrial arginyl- tRNA synthetase and the vaccinia related kinase1 are mutated in the minority of PCH1 cases. These genes are involved in essential processes in protein synthesis in general and tRNA processing in particular. In this review we describe the neuroradiological, neuropathological, clinical and genetic features of the different PCH subtypes and we report on in vitro and in vivo studies on the tRNA splicing endonuclease and mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase and discuss their relation to pontocerebellar hypoplasia

Three transition-metal complexes with the macrocyclic ligand meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (L): [Cu(ClO4)2(L)], [Zn(NO3)2(L)] and [CuCl(L)(H2O)]Cl

The three transition-metal complexes, (meso-5,7,7,12,14,14- hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-4N)bis(perchlorato- O)copper(II), [Cu(ClO4)2(C18H40N4)], (I), (meso- 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane- 4N)bis(nitrato-O)zinc(II), [Zn(NO3)2(C18H40N4)], (II), and aquachlorido(meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11- tetraazacyclotetradecane-4N)copper(II) chloride, [CuCl- (C18H40N4)(H2O)]Cl, (III), are described. The molecules display a very similarly distorted 4+2 octahedral environment for the cation [located at an inversion centre in (I) and (II)], defined by the macrocycle N4 group in the equatorial sites and two further ligands in trans-axial positions [two O? ClO3 ligands in (I), two O?NO2 ligands in (II) and one chloride and one aqua ligand in (III)]. The most significant difference in molecular shape resides in these axial ligands, the effect of which on the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding is discussed. In the case of (I), all strong hydrogenbond donors are saturated in intramolecular interactions, while weak intermolecular C?H O contacts result in a three-dimensional network. In (II) and (III), instead, there are N?H and O?H donors left over for intermolecular interactions, giving rise to the formation of strongly linked but weakly interacting chains.Fil: Yasmin, Sabina. University of Chittagong; BangladeshFil: Suarez, Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Doctorovich, Fabio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Roy, Tapashi G.. University of Chittagong; BangladeshFil: Baggio, Ricardo Fortunato. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentin

Phylogenetic analysis of Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) based on micromorphological traits of pollen grains

The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Artemisia have been very controversial. In order to recognize the systematic inference of pollen grains in this genus, the micromorphological characteristics of pollens from 22 taxa were examined by means of light microscopy (LM) and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). A phylogenetic analysis of Artemisia based on 9 micromorphological characters of pollens was conducted using Wagner parsimony method. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, relationships among different Artemisia species are shown. This study also presents thephylogenetic associations among 4 sections within the genus Artemisia. The reunion of genus Seriphidum with Artemisia was also confirmed

Outcome reporting in therapeutic mammaplasty: a systematic review

Background Therapeutic mammaplasty (TM) is an oncological procedure which combines tumour resection with breast reduction and mastopexy techniques. Previous systematic reviews have demonstrated the oncological safety of TM but reporting of critically important outcomes such as quality of life, aesthetic and functional outcomes are limited, piecemeal or inconsistent. This systematic review aims to identify all outcomes reported in clinical studies of TM to facilitate development of a Core Outcome Set. Methods Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science were searched from inception to 5 August 2020. Included studies reported clinical outcomes following TM for adult women. Two authors independently screened articles for eligibility. Data was extracted regarding the outcome definition and classification type (e.g., oncologic, quality of life, etc), time of outcome reporting and measurement tools. Results Of 5709 de-duplicated records, 148 were included in the narrative synthesis. The majority of studies (n=102, 68.9 per cent) reported measures of survival and/or recurrence; approximately three-quarters (n=75, 73.5 per cent) had less than 5 years follow-up. Aesthetic outcome was reported in half of studies (n=75, 50.7 per cent) using mainly subjective, non-validated measurement tools. The time-point at which aesthetic assessment was conducted was highly variable, and only defined in 48 (64.0 per cent) studies and none included a pre-operative baseline for comparison. Few studies reported quality of life (n=30, 20.3 per cent), functional outcomes (n=5, 3.4 per cent) or resource use (n=28, 18.9 per cent). Conclusions Given the oncological equivalence of TM and mastectomy, treatment decisions are often driven by aesthetic and functional outcomes, which are infrequently and inconsistently reported with non-validated measurement tools. PROSPERO: CRD4202020036

The Saudi National Mental Health Survey: Sample design and weight development

ObjectivesTo describe the sample design and weighting procedures used in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey (SNMHS).MethodsA multistage clustered area probability design was used to select the SNMHS sample with one male and one female KSA citizen ages 15- 65 surveyed in each sample household.ResultsA design representative of the household population was developed and modified iteratively to adjust for unanticipated field complications. These modifications, along with variation in within- household probabilities of selection and geographic- demographic variation in response rates were accounted for through survey weights. Design- based estimation methods were used to adjust for the effects of these weights and of geographic clustering. Design effects were estimated and simulations were carried out on bias- variancetrade- offs in weight trimming to evaluate the implication of design features for precision of estimates.ConclusionsThe multiple purposes of the survey will require the use of different weights for different types of analyses, including household and person weights as well as weights for proxy reports about household members whose disabilities prevented them from participating in the survey. It will be important to use these different weights appropriately in the diverse analyses that will be undertaken with the SNMHS data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162744/2/mpr1829.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162744/1/mpr1829_am.pd

Variation in antral follicle counts at different times in the menstrual cycle: does it matter?

Antral follicle count (AFC) variation was examined across the menstural cycle and its effect on clinical management assessed. In 79 women, AFC was documented in early (iAFC) and late follicular phase (sAFC). Absolute agreement between iAFC and sAFC and agreement for classification into categories of risk of extremes of ovarian response were examined. Ovarian stimulation protocols designed with iAFC and sAFC, and the predictive value of iAFC and sAFC for extremes of ovarian response, were compared in women undergoing ovarian stimulation. Significant differences were found between iAFC and sAFC (16 [IQR 9-24] versus 13 [IQR 7- 21]; P = 0.001), with moderate agreement for the classification into at risk of extremes of response (k = 0.525). Agreement for protocol selection based on either AFC (k = 0.750) and starting gonadotrophin dose was good (concordance correlation coefficient 0.970 [95% CI 0.951 to 0.982]). Predictive value for iAFC and sAFC was maintained for poor ovarian response and risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OR 0.634 [0.427 to 0.920], 0.467 [0.233 to 0.935]) and (OR 1.049 [0.974 to 1.131], 1.140 [1.011 to 1.285]). Across the cycle, AFC varies but does not significantly affect ovarian stimulation protocol design and prediction of extreme ovarian response